This scientific article explores the genetic mutations caused by exposure to ionizing radiation, focusing on their molecular mechanisms, biological effects, and long-term genetic consequences. The study reveals that radiation exposure leads to significant DNA damage, including strand breaks, chromosomal aberrations, and gene deletions, which can result in hereditary disorders, infertility, and cancer. A clear dose-dependent relationship was identified, indicating that higher radiation doses produce more severe genetic effects. The research also highlights the differences between low-LET and high-LET radiations, demonstrating that alpha particles cause more complex and localized DNA lesions compared to X-rays or gamma rays. Furthermore, the study emphasizes the role of oxidative stress and reactive oxygen species (ROS) in mediating radiation-induced mutagenesis. The findings underscore the importance of radiation protection principles, such as ALARA, to minimize genetic risks for humans, especially in medical and industrial fields.

Radiation, genetic mutations, DNA damage, oxidative stress, chromosomal aberrations, ionizing radiation, reactive oxygen species, hereditary effects, radiogenomics, radiation protection, ALARA principle.

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