Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia due to insulin resistance and relative insulin deficiency. The prevalence of T2DM is increasing globally, primarily due to sedentary lifestyles, poor dietary habits, and obesity. Lifestyle interventions, particularly nutrition and physical activity, play a crucial role in controlling blood glucose levels, improving insulin sensitivity, promoting weight loss, and reducing the risk of cardiovascular complications. This systematic review evaluates the effectiveness of dietary modification, physical activity, and combined interventions in adults with T2DM. Findings indicate that combined lifestyle interventions produce the most significant improvements in glycemic control (HbA1c reduction up to 1.5%), fasting blood glucose, BMI, and lipid profiles. Long-term adherence to lifestyle changes is essential for sustaining these benefits. The results emphasize the importance of individualized lifestyle strategies as a cornerstone in T2DM management, complementing pharmacological therapies.

Type 2 diabetes mellitus, Nutrition, Physical activity, Lifestyle intervention, Glycemic control, Weight management, Metabolic health

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