Smoking remains one of the major risk factors for oral diseases, significantly influencing the structure and function of oral tissues. This study aimed to evaluate modern methods for assessing the oral cavity condition among smokers and to identify effective preventive strategies to mitigate tobacco-related oral damage. A total of 100 participants were examined, including 70 smokers and 30 non-smokers as a control group. Clinical indices such as the Plaque Index, Gingival Index, and Community Periodontal Index were used to assess oral hygiene and periodontal status. Saliva samples were analyzed for pH, total antioxidant capacity, nicotine, and cotinine levels. Digital radiography, fluorescence imaging, and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) techniques were applied for diagnostic evaluation. Results revealed that smokers had significantly higher plaque accumulation, gingival inflammation, and alveolar bone loss compared to non-smokers (p < 0.001). Moreover, salivary pH and antioxidant capacity were markedly reduced in smokers. Preventive measures, including professional dental cleaning, antioxidant supplementation, and smoking cessation counseling, were effective in improving oral health outcomes. The study concludes that integrating modern diagnostic technologies with targeted preventive interventions can significantly enhance the assessment and management of oral health among smokers, providing a comprehensive framework for clinical and public health applications.

smoking, oral cavity, oral health, diagnostic methods, prevention, saliva analysis, antioxidant capacity, periodontal disease, nicotine, cotinine.

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