Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is one of the most common urological disorders in aging men, characterized by progressive enlargement of the prostate gland that leads to lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS). Over the last decade, significant progress has been made in both pharmacological and minimally invasive treatments aimed at improving urinary function and quality of life. This literature review analyzes and summarizes recent advances in the management of BPH from 2015 to 2025. Contemporary approaches include novel drug therapies such as α1-adrenergic blockers, 5α-reductase inhibitors, and phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors, as well as minimally invasive surgical options like prostatic urethral lift (PUL), water vapor thermal therapy (Rezūm), aquablation, and laser-based enucleation techniques. Emerging technologies, including robotic surgery and the use of artificial intelligence for individualized treatment planning, are also discussed. Evidence suggests that these modern modalities significantly reduce operative risks, shorten recovery times, and enhance long-term outcomes compared to conventional transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP). Nevertheless, the optimal therapeutic approach must be tailored to the patient’s gland volume, comorbidities, and symptom severity. Future perspectives focus on integrating pharmacogenomics, imaging, and AI-guided decision-making to refine personalized management strategies for BPH.

Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH); lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS); pharmacological therapy; α1-adrenergic blockers; 5α-reductase inhibitors; phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors; minimally invasive surgery; prostatic urethral lift (PUL); water vapor therapy (Rezūm); aquablation; laser enucleation; robotic prostate surgery; precision medicine; artificial intelligence.

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