Industrial waste is a major global threat to groundwater quality, posing serious risks to public health and environmental sustainability. This study reviews key contamination pathways, including heavy metals, organic pollutants, and industrial microorganisms, and highlights hygienic assessment methods such as toxicological analysis, epidemiological surveillance, and hydrochemical monitoring. Case studies from Uzbekistan and other regions show that poor waste management and direct discharges are primary sources of pollution. Contaminated groundwater is linked to cancer, endocrine disruption, and acute toxicity. The article emphasizes stricter regulation, improved monitoring, and advanced remediation technologies to safeguard groundwater and public health.

groundwater, hygiene, pollution, contamination, wastewater, toxicology, epidemiological, ecology, bioremediation, hydrochemistry, microbiology, sustainability, sanitation, heavymetals, riskassessment

Goncharuk, E. I. (1982). Rukovodstvo k laboratornym zanyatiyam po kommunalnoy gigiene [Guide to laboratory classes on communal hygiene]. Meditsina.

Iskandarov, T. I. (2006). Kommunal gigiyena fanidan amaliy mashg'ulotlar uchun qo'llanma [Manual for practical classes on communal hygiene]. Toshkent.

Otaboev, Sh. T., & Iskandarov, T. I. (1994). Kommunal gigiyena [Communal hygiene]. Ibn Sino.

Rahimov, O. R. (2008). Atrof-muhit gigiyenasi [Environmental hygiene]. O'qituvchi.

Sharipov, A. K. (2003). Gigiyena va ekologiya asoslari [Fundamentals of hygiene and ecology]. Sharq.

Tursunov, B. M. (2010). Suv gigiyenasi va suv ta'minoti [Water hygiene and water supply]. Tib Kitob.

Yusupov, N. A. (2005). Kommunal gigiyena va atrof-muhit salomatligi [Communal hygiene and environmental health]. Yangi Asr Avlodi.