This article examines the fundamental physical-chemical properties of nanomaterials and quantum dots at the atomic scale, analyzing their unique quantum mechanical behaviors, surface phenomena, and potential applications in modern technology. Through comprehensive literature review and theoretical analysis, the study reveals how quantum confinement effects, surface-to-volume ratios, and atomic-level structural arrangements determine the exceptional characteristics of these materials, distinguishing them from their bulk counterparts.

nanomaterials, quantum dots, quantum confinement, atomic structure, physical-chemical properties, nanotechnology

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