Objective — To assess the clinical-neurological and cognitive features in children who have sustained traumatic brain injury (TBI) and to identify factors associated with the severity of cognitive deficits. Materials and Methods — A prospective observation was conducted in children with mild, moderate, and severe TBI. Neurological status, cognitive functions (attention, memory, executive functions), and recovery dynamics were evaluated. Results — The most common impairments included attention disorders, reduced processing speed, and deficits in working memory. TBI severity, age at the time of injury, and the presence of post-concussive symptoms were associated with more pronounced cognitive impairment. Conclusion — Children with the consequences of TBI demonstrate persistent cognitive deficits, indicating the need for long-term follow-up and comprehensive rehabilitation.

pediatric traumatic brain injury; cognitive impairment; executive dysfunction; attention deficits; post-concussive symptoms; neurological outcomes; pediatric neurorehabilitation.

The Impact of Traumatic Brain Injury on Neurocognitive Outcomes in Children: a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis — covers 41 studies on pediatric TBI and demonstrates a dose-dependent relationship between injury severity and cognitive deficits, particularly in memory, learning, and executive functions.

Neurocognitive Outcomes and Recovery After Pediatric TBI: Meta-Analytic Review of the Literature — a meta-analysis summarizing 14 key neurocognitive domains after pediatric TBI and describing recovery trajectories at different stages.

Processing Speed and Its Association with Working Memory and Episodic Memory 3–6 Months After Pediatric Mild Traumatic Brain Injury — shows that even mild TBI in children leads to reduced processing speed, which correlates with working and episodic memory 3–6 months post-injury.

Cognitive Proficiency after Traumatic Brain Injury in Children — using WISC-V, highlights decreased cognitive efficiency indices (processing speed, working memory) in children after TBI compared to healthy peers.

Does Processing Speed Mediate the Effect of Pediatric Traumatic Brain Injury on Working Memory? — shows that slower processing speed may partially explain working memory deficits in children after TBI.

Cognitive Outcomes in Children with Mild Traumatic Brain Injury: An Examination Using the National Institutes of Health Toolbox Cognition Battery — demonstrates that children aged 8–16 with mild TBI show persistent deficits in fluid cognitive functions (attention, executive functions) up to 3 months post-injury.

Cognitive Fatigue in Pediatric Traumatic Brain Injury: A Meta-Analysis and Scoping Review — review highlighting the prevalence and factors of cognitive fatigue after TBI in children and the need for further rehabilitation studies.