Preterm birth remains a major challenge in obstetrics, contributing significantly to neonatal morbidity and mortality worldwide. This study aimed to evaluate current methods for predicting and preventing preterm birth, including clinical risk assessment, cervical length measurement, fetal fibronectin testing, progesterone therapy, cervical cerclage, and lifestyle modifications. Data were collected through a comprehensive review of 65 studies involving over 120,000 pregnant women. Key maternal risk factors identified included prior preterm birth, multiple gestations, cervical insufficiency, infections, and maternal comorbidities, while psychosocial and lifestyle factors further increased risk. Predictive methods combining maternal history, biomarkers, and imaging demonstrated improved accuracy. Preventive interventions, particularly progesterone supplementation and cervical cerclage, effectively reduced the incidence of preterm birth. These findings highlight the importance of a multidisciplinary, individualized approach for optimizing maternal and neonatal outcomes.

Preterm Birth, Prediction, Prevention, Cervical Length, Fetal Fibronectin, Progesterone, Cervical Cerclage, Obstetrics

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