Laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) has become the preferred surgical approach for gallbladder disease due to its minimally invasive nature and favorable postoperative outcomes. Despite its widespread adoption, both advantages and limitations exist that influence clinical decision-making. This study aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of the advantages and disadvantages of laparoscopic cholecystectomy in modern surgical practice, comparing it with traditional open cholecystectomy (OC).

A descriptive narrative review was conducted, synthesizing evidence from peer-reviewed articles, clinical trials, meta-analyses, and surgical guidelines. Databases including PubMed, Cochrane Library, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar were searched using relevant keywords such as “laparoscopic cholecystectomy,” “open cholecystectomy,” “postoperative outcomes,” and “surgical complications.” Comparative data on operative time, blood loss, hospital stay, complications, and patient satisfaction were extracted and analyzed qualitatively.

laparoscopic cholecystectomy, minimally invasive surgery, open cholecystectomy, critical view of safety (CVS), postoperative recovery, surgical complications, bile duct injury, single-port laparoscopy.

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