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https://doi.org/10.55640/
COMPREHENSIVE PHYSIOLOGICAL AND HORMONAL CHANGES OF THE ENDOCRINE SYSTEM DURING PREGNANCY
Kilicheva I.B. , Head of department of the Normal physiology, Andijan State Medical Institute, UzbekistanAbstract
Pregnancy is a unique physiological state associated with profound and dynamic changes in the endocrine system, which are essential for the maintenance of pregnancy, fetal growth and development, and maternal adaptation to increased metabolic demands. These changes involve complex interactions between maternal endocrine glands and the placenta, which functions as a temporary but highly active endocrine organ. Hormonal adaptations affect almost all endocrine axes, including the hypothalamic–pituitary axis, thyroid gland, adrenal glands, pancreas, and reproductive hormones. This review analyzes the major physiological endocrine changes occurring during pregnancy and explains their role in maintaining maternal–fetal homeostasis. Special attention is given to metabolic regulation, hormonal control of uterine function, and preparation for parturition and lactation. Understanding normal endocrine adaptations during pregnancy is crucial for distinguishing physiological changes from pathological conditions and for improving maternal and fetal health outcomes.
Keywords
pregnancy, endocrine system, hormonal changes, placenta, maternal adaptation
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