Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a cluster of interrelated metabolic abnormalities—including central obesity, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, and hypertension—that significantly increase the risk of cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus. This review summarizes current evidence regarding the etiology, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, preventive strategies, and treatment modalities of metabolic syndrome. Understanding the multifactorial mechanisms underlying MetS is essential for developing effective public health policies and clinical interventions.

Metabolic syndrome; insulin resistance; visceral obesity; dyslipidemia; hypertension; pathogenesis; etiology; chronic inflammation; adipokines; cardiovascular risk; type 2 diabetes; preventive strategies; lifestyle modification; pharmacological treatment; metabolic disorders.

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