This scientific article provides a comprehensive overview of the anatomical and functional structure, embryological development, and clinical significance of nerve plexuses (plexus nervorum) in the human body. As integral components of the peripheral nervous system, nerve plexuses serve as essential connections between the central nervous system and peripheral organs. The article systematically analyzes the formation mechanisms, anatomical localization, principal branches, and innervation areas of the cervical, brachial, lumbar, sacral, and coccygeal nerve plexuses. In addition, the coordinated integration of motor, sensory, and autonomic nerve fibers within these plexuses and their role in regulating the activity of muscles, skin, internal organs, and blood vessels are elucidated on a scientific basis. The functional significance of each nerve plexus is explained in relation to everyday physiological processes. The article also addresses clinical aspects associated with nerve plexuses, including traumatic injuries, inflammatory conditions, neuropathies, and degenerative disorders, with an emphasis on their pathogenesis. Furthermore, the importance of precise anatomical knowledge of nerve plexuses in surgical practice is highlighted, emphasizing the necessity of considering their topographic features in diagnostic and therapeutic procedures. This article is intended for medical students, residents, and practicing physicians, aiming to strengthen both theoretical understanding and practical application of nerve plexus anatomy in clinical practice.

nerve plexuses, plexus nervorum, anatomy, spinal nerves, ventral rami, cervical plexus, plexus cervicalis, brachial plexus, plexus brachialis, lumbar plexus, plexus lumbalis, sacral plexus, plexus sacralis, coccygeal plexus, phrenic nerve (n. phrenicus), sciatic nerve (n. ischiadicus), femoral nerve (n. femoralis), median nerve (n. medianus), radial nerve (n. radialis), ulnar nerve (n. ulnaris), innervation, motor fibers, sensory fibers, autonomic fibers, clinical anatomy, neurology, peripheral nervous system, traumatic injuries, reflexes, muscle innervation, cutaneous sensation.

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