Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by persistent hyperglycemia resulting from impaired insulin secretion, insulin action, or both. Prolonged hyperglycemia affects multiple organ systems, including the visual system. Diabetic eye disease is one of the most common and serious chronic complications, potentially leading to visual impairment and blindness if not properly managed. This review discusses the pathophysiology, major ocular manifestations, diagnostic approaches, and current management strategies for diabetic eye complications.

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