Anemia is a highly prevalent hematological disorder that significantly influences cardiovascular function and contributes to the development and worsening of heart failure. Reduced hemoglobin concentration limits oxygen transport to peripheral tissues, triggering compensatory cardiovascular responses that, when prolonged, become maladaptive. This review provides an in-depth academic discussion of the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms, clinical manifestations, and preventive measures associated with anemia-related heart failure. Emphasis is placed on hemodynamic changes, neurohormonal activation, and myocardial cellular remodeling. Early recognition and appropriate management of anemia play a crucial role in reducing heart failure risk and improving long-term cardiovascular outcomes.

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