Diseases of hard dental tissues are among the most prevalent oral health problems worldwide and represent a significant public health concern. These tissues, including enamel, dentin, and cementum, are essential for maintaining tooth integrity, function, and aesthetics. Damage to hard dental tissues can lead to pain, hypersensitivity, infection, and eventual tooth loss. This article provides a detailed review of the major diseases affecting hard dental tissues, such as dental caries, dental erosion, abrasion, attrition, and non-carious cervical lesions. In addition, current preventive strategies at the individual, professional, and community levels are discussed, emphasizing the importance of early diagnosis and preventive care in preserving oral health.

hard dental tissues, dental caries, enamel, dentin, prevention, oral health

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