Immunosuppressive drugs are widely used in modern clinical practice for organ and tissue transplantation, autoimmune diseases, oncohematological disorders, and severe inflammatory conditions. Their primary effect is the suppression of various components of the immune response, which inevitably leads to structural and functional alterations in immune organs. The spleen, as the largest peripheral lymphoid organ, is particularly sensitive to immunosuppression. This review presents a comprehensive analysis of macroscopic, microscopic, and ultrastructural changes of the spleen associated with the use of different classes of immunosuppressive agents, as well as the underlying pathogenetic mechanisms and their clinical significance.

spleen, immunosuppressive drugs, immunosuppression, white pulp, red pulp, lymphoid atrophy, apoptosis.

Abbas A.K., Lichtman A.H., Pillai S. Cellular and Molecular Immunology. Elsevier.

Kumar V., Abbas A.K., Aster J.C. Robbins and Cotran Pathologic Basis of Disease. Elsevier.

Junqueira L.C., Carneiro J. Basic Histology. McGraw-Hill.

Starzl T.E. Immunosuppression in organ transplantation. New England Journal of Medicine.

Paul W.E. Fundamental Immunology. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.

Rakhimov O.B. O‘tkir va surunkali stressning morfologik ko‘rsatkichlari. Morphology and Physiology, 2022; 3(6): 80–88.

Lupien S.J., McEwen B.S. The Brain on Stress: From Adaptation to Disease. Annual Review of Neuroscience, 2020; 43: 157–178.

Saidova D.S., Ganieva Z.O. Stress holatida limfa tugunlarining gistologik o‘zgarishlari. O‘zbekiston Morfologiya Jurnali, 2024; 2(1): 45–53.