Prolactin is a polypeptide hormone synthesized by lactotroph cells of the anterior pituitary gland. Although its primary physiological role is associated with lactation, prolactin also participates in immune regulation, osmoregulation, and neuroendocrine development. In childhood, prolactin secretion is normally low; therefore, hyperprolactinemia represents a pathological condition that may significantly disrupt growth, pubertal development, and bone metabolism. This article analyzes the etiology, neuroendocrine regulation, pathophysiological mechanisms, clinical manifestations, diagnostic approach, and long-term complications of hyperprolactinemia in young children.

prolactin, hyperprolactinemia, children, pituitary gland, hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal axis.

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