Surgical site infections (SSIs) remain one of the most common complications following surgical procedures, leading to increased morbidity, prolonged hospital stays, and elevated healthcare costs. This article provides a comprehensive review of the epidemiology of SSIs and evidence-based strategies for prevention. Using a structured literature review methodology, studies from peer-reviewed journals published between 2010 and 2025 were analyzed to assess SSI prevalence, risk factors, common pathogens, and preventive measures. The findings highlight that SSIs are influenced by patient-related, procedure-related, and environmental factors. Effective prevention strategies include perioperative antibiotic prophylaxis, strict adherence to aseptic techniques, preoperative patient optimization, and post-operative care protocols. Continuous education and institutional infection control policies are essential for reducing SSI incidence and improving patient outcomes.

surgery, prevention, environmental factors, risk factors, methodology, complication

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