Anemia is one of the most common extra-articular manifestations of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and represents an important clinical and prognostic factor. The prevalence of anemia in patients with RA remains high and varies depending on disease activity, duration, and comorbid conditions. The pathogenesis of anemia in rheumatoid arthritis is multifactorial and includes anemia of chronic inflammation, iron deficiency anemia, and, less frequently, anemia related to medication use or concomitant chronic diseases. Chronic systemic inflammation plays a central role through cytokine-mediated suppression of erythropoiesis, impaired iron metabolism, and reduced erythropoietin response. Clinically, anemia contributes to fatigue, decreased physical function, and reduced quality of life, and it may reflect the severity and activity of the underlying inflammatory process.

Rheumatoid arthritis; anemia; chronic inflammation; iron deficiency; anemia of chronic disease; pathogenesis; diagnosis; clinical significance.

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