Coronary heart disease (CHD) remains one of the leading causes of death and disability worldwide. Despite significant progress in diagnosis and treatment, the prevalence of the disease remains high, which necessitates an in-depth study of its pathogenesis. In recent years, special attention has been paid to the molecular and genetic mechanisms of CHD development. Genetic factors play a key role in the regulation of lipid metabolism, inflammatory processes, endothelial function and hemostasis, forming an individual predisposition to atherosclerosis and coronary ischemia. The article discusses current concepts of the genetic basis of CHD, the main candidate genes and polymorphisms, as well as the prospects for applying molecular genetic research in clinical practice and personalized medicine.

coronary heart disease, molecular genetics, atherosclerosis, gene polymorphism, genetic predisposition, personalized medicine.

Braunwald E. Heart Disease. — Philadelphia: Elsevier, 2022.

Libby P. Inflammation in atherosclerosis. Nature, 2021.

Lusis A.J. Atherosclerosis. Nature, 2020.

McPherson R., Tybjaerg-Hansen A. Genetics of coronary artery disease. Circ Res, 2019.

Khera A.V. et al. Genetic risk and coronary disease. NEJM, 2018.

Ridker P.M. Inflammation and cardiovascular disease. Lancet, 2020.

Ference B.A. et al. LDL cholesterol and cardiovascular risk. JAMA, 2019.

Nabel E.G., Braunwald E. A tale of coronary artery disease. NEJM, 2019.

Davies R.W. et al. GWAS in coronary artery disease. Nat Genet, 2018.

O'Donnell C.J., Nabel E.G. Genomics of cardiovascular disease. NEJM, 2021.

Kathiresan S., Srivastava D. Genetics of heart disease. Cell, 2019.

Hingorani A.D. et al. Polygenic risk scores. BMJ, 2018.

Rosenson R.S. PCSK9 inhibitors. Circulation, 2020.

ESC Guidelines on Chronic Coronary Syndromes, 2023.

ACC/AHA Guidelines for Coronary Artery Disease, 2022.

Libby P., Hansson G.K. Immune mechanisms in atherosclerosis. Nat Rev Immunol, 2021.

Schunkert H. et al. Large-scale association analysis. Nat Genet, 2018.

Talmud P.J., Humphries S.E. Genetic risk factors for coronary disease. Curr Atheroscler Rep, 2020.