The phenomena of light interference and diffraction are fundamental concepts in wave optics and play a crucial role in understanding the wave nature of light. This article examines the physical principles underlying interference and diffraction and highlights their importance in modern scientific and technological applications. Using a qualitative analytical approach, the study reviews theoretical models and experimental observations related to the superposition and spreading of light waves. The results demonstrate that interference and diffraction effects are essential for the development of optical instruments, including interferometers, diffraction gratings, microscopes, and spectroscopic systems. Furthermore, these phenomena provide the basis for high-precision measurements of wavelength, distance, and refractive index. The study also discusses practical challenges and limitations associated with diffraction, particularly in optical resolution. The findings confirm that light interference and diffraction remain central to advances in optics, photonics, and modern technology.

Light interference; light diffraction; wave optics; optical instruments; diffraction gratings; photonics

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