Pediatric rhinosinusitis is a prevalent upper respiratory disorder marked by inflammation of the nasal mucosa and paranasal sinuses. Its pathogenesis involves viral and bacterial infections, allergic reactions, anatomical factors, and biochemical inflammatory mechanisms. Key mediators, including pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α), chemokines (IL-8, MCP-1), reactive oxygen species (ROS), and microbial biofilms, sustain inflammation and contribute to chronicity and complications. Current diagnostic strategies combine clinical assessment, imaging, and biochemical marker analysis, facilitating evaluation of disease severity and risk of chronic progression. Effective management requires a multidisciplinary approach, integrating anti-inflammatory and antibacterial therapy, antioxidant support, allergy control, and surgical intervention when needed. Incorporating clinical and biochemical insights enables personalized treatment, optimizing outcomes and reducing relapses and complications.

Pediatric rhinosinusitis, biochemical markers, cytokines, chemokines, reactive oxygen species, microbial biofilms, diagnosis, therapy, chronic inflammation

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