Background: Tuberculosis (TB) remains a global health challenge, with a shifting burden towards the geriatric population. In developing regions like the Fergana Valley, data on "geriatric tuberculosis" is outdated, and the specific epidemiological and clinical features in the elderly (aged 60+) are poorly understood. This study aims to evaluate the epidemiological trends, risk factors, and clinical manifestations of pulmonary and extrapulmonary TB in the elderly population of the Andijan region. Methods: A retrospective and prospective epidemiological study covering the period 2020–2024 was conducted at the Andijan Regional Center of Phthisiology and Pulmonology. The study population included male and female patients aged 60–74 years diagnosed with TB. Clinical records were analyzed for comorbidities, atypical symptoms, and risk factors using WHO criteria. Diagnostic methods included GeneXpert MTB/RIF, radiography, and biochemical assays. Results: Preliminary analysis indicates a rising trend in extrapulmonary TB forms among the elderly compared to younger cohorts. Atypical clinical presentations, such as the absence of fever and dominance of weight loss/fatigue, significantly delay diagnosis. Major risk factors identified include multimorbidity (cardiovascular diseases, diabetes) and polypharmacy. The mortality rate in this demographic remains disproportionately high due to late detection and "immunosenescence." Conclusion: Geriatric tuberculosis in the Fergana Valley is characterized by specific regional risk factors and atypical clinical courses. Implementing a targeted screening algorithm for the elderly and integrating TB prevention into geriatric care is essential to reduce mortality and transmission.

Geriatric tuberculosis, epidemiology, Fergana Valley, elderly population, extrapulmonary TB, comorbidities, prevention.

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