Chronic headache disorders are highly prevalent neurological conditions that significantly impair quality of life. Comorbid depressive states exacerbate pain perception, reduce treatment efficacy, and contribute to functional disability. This study investigates the functional and metabolic neurophysiological characteristics of depression in patients with chronic headache disorders. Functional neuroimaging revealed altered activity in the prefrontal cortex, limbic regions, and disrupted connectivity between cortical and subcortical networks. Metabolic assessments demonstrated reduced glucose utilization in key brain regions involved in pain processing and emotional regulation. The severity of depressive symptoms correlated with both functional and metabolic alterations, indicating a neurobiological basis for comorbidity. Findings highlight the importance of early detection and integrated therapeutic strategies targeting both neurological and psychological aspects, which can improve patient outcomes and quality of life.

Chronic headache, depression, functional neurophysiology, metabolic changes, neuroimaging, comorbidity, pain perception, emotional regulation.

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