Frailty syndrome is increasingly recognized as a significant predictor of adverse health outcomes in older adults, including an increased risk of fractures. This systematic review aims to comprehensively analyze the existing literature on the association between frailty syndrome and fracture risk. A systematic search was conducted across major electronic databases for studies published up to [insert date]. Eligible studies were selected based on predefined inclusion criteria, including cohort studies, case-control studies, and randomized controlled trials that investigated frailty syndrome and its relationship with fractures in older populations. Key outcomes assessed included fracture incidence, fracture types, and mechanisms linking frailty to fractures.

Frailty syndrome, Fracture risk, Older adults

Armstrong, M. E., Spencer, E. A., Cairns, B. J., Banks, E., Pirie, K., Green, J., . . . Collaborators, M. W. S. Body mass index and physical activity in relation to the incidence of hip fracture in postmenopausal women. Journal of bone and mineral research, 26(6) (2011) 1330-1338.

Avila-Funes, J. A., Amieva, H., Barberger-Gateau, P., Le Goff, M., Raoux, N., Ritchie, K., . . . Dartigues, J. F., Cognitive impairment improves the predictive validity of the phenotype of frailty for adverse health outcomes: the three-city study. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 57(3) (2009) 453-461.

Chang, S. F., & Lin, P. L., Frail phenotype and mortality prediction: a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies. International journal of nursing studies, 52(8) (2015) 1362-1374.

Correa-de-Araujo, R., An operational definition of frailty predicted death, hip fracture, and hospitalization in older women. ACP journal club, 144(1) (2006) 23.

Ensrud, K. E., Ewing, S. K., Cawthon, P. M., Fink, H. A., Taylor, B. C., Cauley, J. A., Group, O. F. i. M. R., A comparison of frailty indexes for the prediction of falls, disability, fractures, and mortality in older men. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 57(3) (2009) 492-498.

Ensrud, K. E., Ewing, S. K., Taylor, B. C., Fink, H. A., Cawthon, P. M., Stone, K. L., Cummings, S. R., Comparison of 2 frailty indexes for prediction of falls, disability, fractures, and death in older women. Archives of internal medicine, 168(4) (2008) 382-389.

Ensrud, K. E., Ewing, S. K., Taylor, B. C., Fink, H. A., Stone, K. L., Cauley, J. A., . . . Group, S. o. O. F. R., Frailty and risk of falls, fracture, and mortality in older women: the study of osteoporotic fractures. The journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences, 62(7) (2007) 744-751.

Fried, L. P., Tangen, C. M., Walston, J., Newman, A. B., Hirsch, C., Gottdiener, J., . . . Group, C. H. S. C. R. Frailty in older adults: evidence for a phenotype. The journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences, 56(3) (2001) M146-156.

Kulmala, J., Nykänen, I., & Hartikainen, S., Frailty as a predictor of all-cause mortality in older men and women. Geriatrics & gerontology international, 14(4) (2014) 899-905.

Kulmala, J., Nykänen, I., Mänty, M., & Hartikainen, S., Association between frailty and dementia: a population-based study. Gerontology, 60(1) (2014b) 16-21.