This article analyzes the formation mechanisms of international economic crises, their main causes, and their impacts on both national and global economies. The study examines financial instability, the increasing debt burden, disruptions in supply chains, sharp fluctuations in energy and food prices, geopolitical conflicts, and uncertainties in economic policy as key factors intensifying international crises. The article provides a comparative analysis of the Great Depression of 1929–1933, the global financial crisis of 2008–2009, the economic shock during the COVID-19 pandemic, and the energy and food shocks after 2022. The findings indicate that international economic crises are not merely problems of a single country or sector, but rather simultaneous disruptions in interconnected systems of finance, trade, production, and trust.

international economic crisis, global financial instability, inflation, external debt, trade protectionism, supply chain, economic policy, macroeconomic stability.

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