Articles
| Open Access | PATHOMORPHOLOGICAL AND IMMUNOHISTOCHEMICAL FEATURES OF CHRONIC PLACENTAL INSUFFICIENCY IN CONGENITAL INFECTIONS UNDER THE CONDITIONS OF KARAKALPAKSTAN
Sharap Iskanderovich Mamutov, Azizbek Amangalievich Atazhanov, Ziyuar Khojabay qizi Alauatdinova , Candidate of Medical Sciences, Department of Pathology, Karakalpakstan Medical Institute, Nukus, Uzbekistan, Master’s Student of Pathological Anatomy, Karakalpakstan Medical Institute, Nukus, Uzbekistan, Master’s Student of Pathological Anatomy, Tashkent Medical Academy, Tashkent, UzbekistanAbstract
Chronic placental insufficiency (CPI) remains a critical obstetric complication, serving as a primary vector for intrauterine growth restriction, preterm birth, and perinatal mortality. In regions experiencing severe ecological degradation, such as the Republic of Karakalpakstan in the Aral Sea disaster zone, the etiology of CPI is profoundly compounded by environmental toxicity, high regional rates of maternal anemia, and the prevalent transmission of congenital (TORCH) infections. This comprehensive report investigates the synergistic impact of environmental factors and infectious agents on the pathomorphological and immunohistochemical (IHC) architecture of the human placenta. Utilizing advanced digital histomorphometry and computational image analysis, the study quantifies key biomarkers associated with angiogenesis (VEGF), cellular proliferation (Ki-67), apoptosis (Caspase-3), and localized inflammatory responses (CD68).
Keywords
Chronic Placental Insufficiency, Karakalpakstan, Aral Sea, Congenital Infections, TORCH, Immunohistochemistry, VEGF, Ki-67, Caspase-3, Digital Pathology, Histomorphometry.
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