The global political landscape is undergoing significant transformations, with the rise of authoritarian trends challenging democratic frameworks and reshaping nation-building processes. This paper explores the complex interplay between authoritarianism, democracy, diplomacy, and nation-building in the contemporary political environment. Authoritarian regimes, driven by populism and nationalism, have been consolidating power, undermining democratic institutions and principles. In contrast, democracies continue to face internal pressures, such as polarization and economic inequality, but show resilience through reforms and civic engagement. Diplomacy plays a pivotal role in managing these tensions, fostering international cooperation, and advocating for human rights. Nation-building processes, influenced by both political systems, are increasingly focused on social cohesion and the balancing of diverse national identities. The paper concludes by highlighting the need for adaptive governance, robust diplomatic frameworks, and inclusive nation-building strategies to navigate the evolving political landscape.

Authoritarianism, Democracy, Diplomacy, Nation-building, Political trends, Populism, International relations, Governance, Political systems, National identity, Social cohesion, Global politics.

Fukuyama, F. (1992). “The End of History and the Last Man”. Page 345.

Mearsheimer, J. J. (2018). “The Great Delusion: Liberal Dreams and International Realities”. Yale University Press. Pages 151-155

Zakaria, F. (2003). “The Future of Freedom: Illiberal Democracy at Home and Abroad”. W.W. Norton & Company. Pages 320-323.

Giddens, A. (2009). “The Politics of Climate Change”. Polity Press. Page45

Keohane, R. O., & Nye, J. S. (2012). “Power and Interdependence”. 4th ed. Longman. Pages 74-80

Huntington, S. P. (1996). “The Clash of Civilizations and the Remaking of World Order”. Simon & Schuster. Page 89

Acemoglu, D., & Robinson, J. A. (2012). “Why Nations Fail: The Origins of Power, Prosperity, and Poverty”. Crown Business. Pages 356-357

Carothers, T. (2009). “Democracy Assistance: The Question of Strategy”. Carnegie Endowment for International Peace. Page 37

UNDP. (2020). “Human Development Report: The Next Frontier: Human Development and the Anthropocene”. United Nations Development Programme. Page 121

Tilly, C. (2007). “Democracy”. Cambridge University Press. Pages 176-178