Operating system (OS) design has been a cornerstone of computing, evolving over the decades to support increasingly complex and diverse computing environments. From resource management to security, OS design involves a wide array of concepts that ensure the smooth operation of both hardware and software. Key concepts such as CPU, memory, and file management, alongside process synchronization and concurrency, form the foundation of modern OS functionality. However, OS design faces numerous challenges, including increasing system complexity, resource constraints, ensuring security in the face of rising threats, and maintaining compatibility with legacy systems. The future of OS design is being shaped by advancements in cloud computing, AI integration, edge computing, and quantum technologies. These developments promise to redefine OS architecture, requiring innovative approaches to resource management, security, and scalability. This paper explores the core concepts, current challenges, and emerging trends in operating system design, offering a vision for the future of OS development in an ever-evolving technological landscape.

Operating System, Resource Management, Process Management, Security, Concurrency, Virtualization, Cloud Computing, Artificial Intelligence, Edge Computing, Real-time Systems, Microservices, Quantum Computing, System Complexity, OS Evolution, Future Trends.

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