The process of translating literature is complex and encompasses linguistic, cultural, and semantic elements. The way translators handle interlingual transformations—adjustments made to communicate meaning, style, and cultural nuances from the source language into the target language—largely determines how effective it is. This article analyse different kinds of translation changes (lexical, syntactic, and cultural) and their purpose in guaranteeing functional equivalency, drawing on the writings of eminent academics including E. Nida, L. Venuti, A. Lefevere, and Uzbek translation theorists. It emphasises how crucial it is to appropriately maintain the text's creative worth and meaning while modifying it to fit the linguistic and cultural background of the intended audience. The study comes to the conclusion that a careful use of translation changes improves literary works' aesthetic and communicative qualities, which in turn enriches intercultural communication.

Literary translation, transformation, linguistic adaptation, cultural equivalence, semantic adjustment, functional equivalence, translator’s competence

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