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| Open Access | SPECIFIC FEATURES OF NATURALISM IN LITERATURE
Oktyabrova Feruza Ulugbek kizi ,Abstract
This article is devoted to the specific aspects of the naturalistic literary movement that emerged at the end of the 19th century. Naturalistic works show how human behavior, life, and destiny are shaped by external factors — environment, heredity, and society. A person often seems helpless in front of forces beyond his control. The article analyzes important aspects of naturalistic literature with examples.
Keywords
Naturalism, determinism, heredity, environment, objectivity, pessimism,lower class, darwinism, Émile Zola, Frank Norris, Theodore Dreiser, Stephen Crane, Jack London, Upton Sinclair, animal instinct, social pressure, biological influence, realism, fate, human behavior
References
Pizer, Donald. (1995). The Cambridge Companion to American Realism and Naturalism: Howells to London. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
Zola, Émile. (1880). The Experimental Novel and Other Essays. Translated by Belle M. Sherman. New York: Cassell.
Norris, Frank. (1899). McTeague: A Story of San Francisco. New York: Doubleday & McClure Co.
Norris, Frank. (1901). The Octopus: A Story of California. New York: Doubleday, Page & Company.
Crane, Stephen. (1893). Maggie: A Girl of the Streets. New York: D. Appleton and Company.
Zola, Émile. (1885). Germinal. Paris: Charpentier.
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