Chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla L.) is a valuable source of raw materials, rich in essential oils, and is widely used in both traditional medicine and modern pharmacology. In recent years, large-scale studies have been conducted in the CIS countries, particularly in Russia, Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, and other Central Asian nations, aiming at an in-depth examination of the agrobiological characteristics of this plant, improving its productivity, and developing environmentally sustainable cultivation technologies. This scientific article provides a comprehensive analysis of the main agrotechnical (fertilization, irrigation, sowing time) and ecological (climate, soil types, agroclimatic zones) factors affecting the growth and development of Matricaria chamomilla. Furthermore, using modern monitoring methods, differences in the plant’s phenological phases, biomass, and essential oil concentration across various agroclimatic conditions are examined. The results of the research serve as a significant scientific and practical foundation for the intensive and sustainable cultivation of chamomile, obtaining export-oriented raw materials, and advancing the pharmaceutical industry. This work represents a relevant scientific direction focused on implementing resource-efficient technologies adapted to the agroecological conditions of Central Asia.

Chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla), agrobiological traits, essential oil yield, sustainable cultivation practices, phenological development, agroclimatic impact, irrigation management, soil fertility optimization, pharmaceutical applications, resource-efficient agricultural technologies, Central Asian agriculture.

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