This study investigates the role of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in enhancing reading skills among language learners. As AI technologies become increasingly integrated into educational practices, their potential to support reading development in English as a Second Language (ESL) contexts is of significant interest. Using a quasi-experimental research design, this study examines the impact of AI-based tools, such as personalized learning platforms and text-to-speech software, on the reading abilities of 100 ESL learners. .

Artificial Intelligence, Duolingo, ChatGPT, reading comprehension, Individualized Learning methods

Kukulska-Hulme, A. (2020). Mobile-Assisted Language Learning and Artificial Intelligence: A New Perspective. ReCALL, 32(3), 276–280.

Godwin-Jones, R. (2018). Using Mobile Technology to Develop Language Skills and Cultural Understanding. Language Learning & Technology, 22(3), 104–120.

Li, V., Roll, I., & Wylie, R. (2021). The Impact of AI-Based Tutoring Systems on Learning: A Meta-Analysis. Computers & Education, 167, 104184.

Holmes, W., Bialik, M., & Fadel, C. (2019). Artificial Intelligence in Education: Promises and Implications for Teaching and Learning. Boston: Center for Curriculum Redesign.

Chen, C.-M., & Li, Y.-L. (2010). Personalized Context-Aware Ubiquitous Learning System for Supporting Effective English Vocabulary Learning. Interactive Learning Environments, 18(4), 341–364.

Heffernan, N., & Heffernan, C. (2014). The ASSISTments Ecosystem: Building a Platform that Brings Scientists and Teachers Together for Minimally Invasive Research on Human Learning and Teaching. International Journal of Artificial Intelligence in Education, 24, 470–497.

Al-Azawei, A., Serenelli, F., & Lundqvist, K. (2020). Universal Design for Learning (UDL): A Content Analysis of Peer-Reviewed Journal Papers from 2012 to 2015. Journal of the Scholarship of Teaching and Learning, 16(3), 39–56.

Spector, J. M. (2014). Conceptualizing Kinds of Learning in Instructional Design. In Handbook of Research on Educational Communications and Technology (pp. 19–28). Springer.

Popenici, S. A. D., & Kerr, S. (2017). Exploring the Impact of Artificial Intelligence on Teaching and Learning in Higher Education. Research and Practice in Technology Enhanced Learning, 12(1), 1–13.

Wang, S., & Vásquez, C. (2012). Web 2.0 and Second Language Learning: What Does the Research Tell Us? CALICO Journal, 29(3), 412–430.