The 1982 Constitution of the Republic of Turkey (as amended up to 2017) establishes that the presidential system of governance is based on democratic principles. According to the Constitution, Turkey is a democratic, secular, and social state governed by the rule of law, founded on the indivisibility of the nation and the people. This article describes the constitutional structure of the Republic of Turkey based on the rule of law, legality, and justice, examining their interrelations and functioning.

Constitution of the Republic of Turkey, system of state governance, state bodies, executive power, legislative power, judiciary, Grand National Assembly of Turkey, Presidency, Cabinet of Ministers, Constitutional Court, Council of State, administrative reforms, fields of activity, powers and duties, political system, legal foundations, rule of law, democratic principles, separation of powers, parliamentary governance, judiciary in Turkey, central and local government, regulatory acts, efficiency of public administration, executive bodies, legislative process, checks and balances, state functions.

Constitution of the Republic of Turkey (1982, current version)

Official source in Turkish: https://www.anayasa.gov.tr

English translation available: https://global.tbmm.gov.tr

T.C. Anayasası Üzerine Açıklamalar, Prof. Dr. Erdoğan Teziç

Expert commentary on Turkish constitutional law

Türk Anayasa Hukuku, Kemal Gözler

Main academic resource on Turkish constitutional law

Türkiye’de Siyasal Sistem ve Devlet Yapısı, Ergun Özbudun

About Turkey's political system and state institutions

Türk İdare Hukuku, Metin Günday

Detailed source on public administration and executive bodies

Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Devlet Yapısı ve Yönetim Esasları, Faruk Bilir

Turkey’s state structure and governance principles

Official website of the Grand National Assembly of Turkey

Legislative activity: https://www.tbmm.gov.tr

Official website of the Presidency of Turkey: https://www.tccb.gov.tr

On the Presidency and Executive Power

Resmî Gazete (Turkey’s official legal publication)

Constitutional amendments, decrees, and rulings: https://www.resmigazete.gov.tr

Reports from the European Union and Venice Commission

International evaluations and legal analyses on Turkey’s constitutional reforms