The article explores the pedagogical and psychological foundations essential for fostering critical and creative thinking among students. It emphasizes the importance of integrating innovative teaching methods and psychological principles into the curriculum to enhance students’ cognitive abilities. By examining various educational frameworks and psychological theories, the article highlights effective strategies that educators can adopt to promote an environment conducive to critical analysis and creative problem-solving. The findings suggest that a holistic approach, incorporating both pedagogical techniques and psychological insights, is crucial for nurturing independent thinkers ready to tackle complex challenges.  

Critical thinking, Creative thinking, Pedagogy, Psychology, Cognitive development, Educational strategies, Student engagement, Learning environment, Innovative teaching methods, Problem-solving skills

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