This article delves into the foundational concepts of syntax and semantics in linguistic theory, examining their respective roles in the structure and meaning of language. Syntax refers to the formal structure and arrangement of words within a sentence, while semantics deals with the interpretation and meaning derived from linguistic expressions. The paper explores how these two domains intersect, diverge, and support one another in both theoretical linguistics and practical language use. Drawing from generative grammar, cognitive linguistics, and formal semantics, the discussion highlights key debates, such as the autonomy of syntax versus semantic primacy, and investigates how syntactic and semantic knowledge is acquired, represented, and processed in the human mind. By analyzing linguistic phenomena, historical development, and computational applications, this study aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of how syntax and semantics collaborate to produce meaningful language. The article concludes by proposing a balanced perspective that acknowledges the interdependence of structure and meaning in the study of human language.

syntax, semantics, linguistic structure, meaning, generative grammar, formal semantics, language processing, syntax-semantics interface

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