This study investigates and compares the chemical makeup, degree of mineralization, and concentrations of primary anions and cations (Cl⁻, HCO₃⁻, CO₃²⁻, SO₄²⁻, Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺, Na⁺) found in surface water (irrigation canals) and groundwater (wells) in the Kogon district of the Bukhara region. Laboratory analyses revealed that both water types exhibit elevated hardness and mineralization levels, making them unsuitable for direct use in drinking and industrial applications. Notably, groundwater demonstrated higher salinity. Prolonged consumption or agricultural use of such water could negatively affect both human health and soil productivity. The paper also provides recommendations for assessing, purifying, and safeguarding the ecological safety of local water sources.

groundwater, total mineralization, gravimetry, cations, anions.

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