The article examines the issue of integrating theoretical and practical training to effectively develop students' professional skills and competencies. Various existing approaches to integration, along with their advantages and disadvantages, are analyzed. Special attention is given to methods that promote a harmonious combination of theoretical knowledge and practical experience, such as project-based learning, applied research, modeling, and various types of internships (industrial, pre-graduation, research). Based on the analysis of relevant literature and practical experiences, the article offers recommendations for optimizing the integration process to improve the quality of vocational education and enhance graduates' competitiveness in the labor market. Furthermore, the effectiveness of different integration methods is evaluated in relation to learning outcomes, student engagement, and the results of their subsequent professional activities.

theoretical and practical integration, professional skills development, vocational education, competency-based learning, educational technologies, active learning methods, pedagogical approaches, simulation modeling, internship programs, curriculum optimization, higher education, labor market readiness, project-based learning.

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