Congenital heart defects are anatomical abnormalities of the heart or major blood vessels that occur during the embryonic development period. They are among the most common congenital anomalies observed in newborns. Such structural defects in the heart can negatively affect its full or partial function. The most frequent types of congenital defects include septal defects (such as ventricular or atrial septal defects), narrowing of the aorta or pulmonary artery, and abnormal development or malfunction of heart valves. This article discusses the causes, types, clinical signs, diagnostic methods, and modern treatment options for congenital heart defects. These conditions may result from genetic factors, maternal infections during pregnancy, toxins, or other external influences. Diagnostic methods include echocardiography, X-ray, ECG, and MRI. Treatment depends on the patient's condition and may involve medication or surgical intervention. When diagnosed early and treated appropriately, the quality of life and life expectancy of such patients can be significantly improved. This article focuses on analyzing modern approaches to this important medical issue.

Congenital heart defect, heart developmental anomaly, atrial septal defect, ventricular septal defect, heart valves, genetic factors, pregnancy pathology, heart diseases, echocardiography, cardiac surgery, pediatrics, cardiology, diagnostics, treatment methods, pediatric cardiology.

Михайлов А. Г. Врожденные пороки сердца у детей. — М.: Медицина, 2018. — 312 с.

ЎзР ССВ. “Педиатрия” дарслиги. / Таҳрир ҳайъати: Ш. Р. Тўраев ва бошқалар. — Т.: Тиббиёт, 2021. — 560 б.

American Heart Association. “Congenital Heart Defects: A Guide for Families.” — AHA Publishing, 2020. — www.heart.org (ko‘rildi: 2024-10-05).

Исмаилов Х.Х., Абдуллаев Д.И. Болалар кардиологияси. — Т.: Ilm Ziyo, 2019. — 284 б.

Hoffman J.I.E., Kaplan S. "The incidence of congenital heart disease." Journal of the American College of Cardiology. — 2002; 39(12): 1890–1900.

Юнусова Н.А. “Кардиология асослари.” — Т.: Tibbiyot Nashriyoti, 2020. — 400 б.

Warnes C.A. "The adult with congenital heart disease: born to be bad?" Journal of the American College of Cardiology. — 2005; 46(1): 1–8.

Anderson R.H., Baker E.J. "Pediatric Cardiology." — Churchill Livingstone Elsevier, 2019. — 1320 p.

O‘zbekiston Respublikasi Sog‘liqni saqlash vazirligi. “Tug‘ma yurak nuqsonlari bo‘yicha klinik protokollar.” — Toshkent, 2022.

WHO (World Health Organization). “Congenital anomalies: Fact sheet.” — www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/congenital-anomalies (ko‘rildi: 2024-09-22).