Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is one of the most common chronic respiratory conditions worldwide and remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality. Characterized by persistent airflow limitation, chronic inflammation, and progressive decline in lung function, COPD imposes a significant burden on patients, healthcare systems, and society. This article provides an overview of the etiology, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, diagnostic strategies, and treatment approaches to COPD, while also addressing global health challenges associated with the disease. Special attention is given to the role of smoking, environmental pollution, and occupational hazards in disease progression, as well as the importance of preventive strategies, rehabilitation, and patient education.

COPD, chronic inflammation, pulmonary disease, smoking, respiratory health, global health

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