Translation practices have witnessed far-reaching changes through the centuries, evolving according to the different cultural, religious, political, and technological developments. From the revered translations of ancient cultures to contemporary digital localization and postcolonial approaches, the role of translation has developed from a vehicle of divine interpretation to a profession based on theoretical foundations, moral considerations, and technological innovations. This paper charts the historical evolution of translation, with a detailed analytical description of foundational phases, with emphasis on the translator's role, dominant strategies, and changing theoretical orientations.

Translation history, evolution of translation, Cicero, Jerome, Luther, Schleiermacher, dynamic equivalence, Skopos theory, localization, cultural translation, sacred texts.

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