Diabetic retinopathy (DR) remains one of the most severe microvascular complications of Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM), leading to progressive vision impairment and potential blindness. This study aims to investigate the relationship between glycemic control, disease duration, and retinal microvascular damage in T1DM patients. Clinical and biochemical evaluations were conducted on 120 patients with T1DM, assessing HbA1c levels, disease duration, and fundoscopic findings. Results showed a strong correlation between poor glycemic control (HbA1c >8.5%) and the presence of non-proliferative or proliferative diabetic retinopathy. Early detection and strict metabolic control significantly reduce the risk of progression. The findings emphasize the importance of continuous screening and novel adjunctive therapies in T1DM-associated retinopathy.

Type 1 diabetes, diabetic retinopathy, microvascular complications, HbA1c, retinal ischemia.

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