Ultrasound diagnostics has revolutionized obstetric practice, offering a safe, non-invasive, and highly informative tool for monitoring maternal and fetal well-being. Since its introduction in the mid-20th century, ultrasonography has become an essential component of antenatal care, enabling early pregnancy confirmation, assessment of fetal growth, detection of anomalies, and guidance for interventional procedures. Real-time imaging provides valuable insights into gestational age, fetal viability, placental position, and amniotic fluid volume, thereby enhancing pregnancy outcomes. Doppler ultrasound further contributes by evaluating uteroplacental and fetal circulation, aiding in the detection of growth restriction and preeclampsia risks. This article explores the diverse clinical applications of ultrasound in obstetrics, including first-trimester screening, anomaly scans, and intrapartum monitoring. Additionally, it highlights the technological advancements of 3D/4D ultrasound and their role in improving diagnostic accuracy. The paper also addresses limitations such as operator dependency, false positives, and disparities in access to ultrasound services. A review of the literature underscores its role as a cornerstone of modern maternity care, bridging diagnostic precision with preventive strategies. The findings confirm that ultrasound, when used appropriately and ethically, significantly contributes to safe pregnancy management and the reduction of maternal and perinatal morbidity worldwide.

Ultrasound, obstetrics, pregnancy, fetal anomalies, prenatal diagnosis, Doppler, 3D/4D ultrasound, maternal health, antenatal care, fetal monitoring.

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