This paper explores the typological characteristics of grammatical categories in English and Uzbek, two structurally and historically distinct languages that reveal fundamental contrasts in how grammatical meaning is encoded. English, as an analytic Indo-European language, expresses grammatical relations primarily through word order, function words, and auxiliary verbs. Uzbek, a Turkic agglutinative language, relies on morphological affixation and suffixation to mark grammatical functions. By examining core categories such as number, case, gender, tense, aspect, and mood, the study provides a comparative and cognitive typological analysis that reveals both universality and diversity in grammatical organization. Findings demonstrate that typological differences shape not only linguistic form but also patterns of conceptualization, supporting the cognitive view that grammar reflects a language’s worldview.

grammatical category, typology, morphology, tense, case, number, English, Uzbek, cognitive linguistics, comparative grammar, linguistic worldview.

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