This article analyzes the causes of the genetic origin, biological basis and clinical features of Down syndrome. The study covers the impact of genetic imbalance resulting from an extra copy of chromosome 21 (trisomy) on embryonic development from a biological and medical perspective. Also, scientific information is provided on the phenotypic signs characteristic of the syndrome, changes in mental and physical development, prenatal diagnostic methods, rehabilitation and social adaptation measures. The article reveals the social and biological significance of Down syndrome based on the achievements of modern genetics, molecular biology and medicine.

Down syndrome, trisomy 21, genetic anomaly, karyotype, gametogenesis, prenatal diagnosis, gene therapy, molecular genetics, rehabilitation, social integration.

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