The reform of the global monetary and financial system represents not merely an economic necessity but a civilizational challenge. The post–Bretton Woods order, once a symbol of stability, is now eroded by rising inequality, digital disruption, and geopolitical fragmentation. Global debt levels, structural asymmetries in currency power, and the dominance of a few financial centers have undermined the system’s legitimacy. The increasing use of sanctions, politicization of payment networks, and the growing role of emerging powers in finance have accelerated calls for reform. This article explores the main contradictions, historical roots, and prospective pathways for reshaping the world’s financial architecture. It combines analytical rigor with forward-looking scenarios, arguing that the 21st-century monetary order must evolve toward pluralism, sustainability, and transparency.

global monetary system, financial reform, de-dollarization, multipolarity, BRICS, IMF, digital currency, financial sovereignty, Uzbekistan.

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