This article explores the development and transformation of Modernism and Postmodernism in world literature. It provides an in-depth analysis of their philosophical foundations, aesthetic principles, and artistic innovations that shaped twentieth-century literary trends. Modernism emerged as a reaction to the rapid industrialization and the devastating impact of World War I, emphasizing individual consciousness, fragmentation, and the search for meaning in a chaotic world. Postmodernism, on the other hand, arose after World War II as a rejection of absolute truths and traditional narratives, favoring irony, intertextuality, and metafiction. The study discusses how both movements redefined concepts of reality, identity, and creativity, leaving a profound legacy on contemporary literature and culture.

Modernism, Postmodernism, literary movements, symbolism, intertextuality, fragmentation, contemporary literature.

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