This paper synthesizes theoretical foundations, empirical evidence, and strategic frameworks for advancing circular economy practices in the construction and demolition (C&D) sector. It draws exclusively on the provided body of literature to examine the technical, organizational, procurement, and policy dimensions of material reuse, recycling, and adaptive design. The structured abstract presents background, objectives, methods, key results, and implications. Background: The built environment is a major consumer of material resources and contributor to greenhouse gas emissions, and C&D waste streams present both environmental burdens and resource opportunities (Hamilton et al., 2022). Objective: To produce a comprehensive, publication-ready analysis that integrates material technologies, supply-chain procurement innovations, durability and performance assessments, and strategic project-level sustainability approaches to support systemic transition to circular construction practices (Aarseth et al., 2017; Benachio et al., 2020). Methods: A rigorous narrative synthesis and conceptual integration of thematic findings from research on salvaging timber, recycled aggregates, wood-plastic composites, building services reuse, procurement innovation, and regionally focused circular frameworks (Godina et al., 2025; Pecur et al., 2014; Turku et al., 2016; Webb et al., 2000; Bao et al., 2019; Véliz et al., 2025; Nadazdi et al., 2022). Results: The literature indicates a multi-scalar pathway to circular construction comprising (1) material-technical strategies—salvage and repurposing of structural timber, reuse of building services components, and recycling into engineered composites; (2) procurement and supply-chain mechanisms—procurement 4.0, strategic procurement agendas, and local circular markets; and (3) project-level sustainability strategies that embed circular goals from design through deconstruction (Godina et al., 2025; Bag et al., 2020; Al-Sinan & Bubshait, 2022; Aarseth et al., 2017). Discussion: Successful transition requires aligning durability performance evidence, regulatory incentives, and buyer-supplier contracting innovations while confronting technical barriers (material heterogeneity, quality assurance) and socio-institutional barriers (awareness, market incentives) (Pecur et al., 2014; Adams et al., 2017). Conclusion: A systems-oriented approach that couples rigorous material characterization, procurement transformation, and strategic project-level interventions offers a realistic and scalable route toward low-carbon, resource-efficient built environments; policy and industry leadership are essential in operationalizing circular practices at scale (Benachio et al., 2020; Bertin et al., 2019). Keywords: circular economy, construction and demolition waste, material reuse, procurement, timber salvage, recycled aggregate, building services reuse.

Circular economy, construction and demolition waste, material reuse

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