This study investigates the effects of three distinct exercise modalities—aerobic, resistance, and concurrent training—on the resting heart rate (RHR) in college-aged men. A sample of 90 participants, aged 18-25, was randomly assigned to one of three training groups: aerobic (n=30), resistance (n=30), or concurrent training (n=30). Each group underwent a 12-week training regimen tailored to their specific exercise modality, with sessions held three times per week. Resting heart rate measurements were taken at baseline, mid-intervention (6 weeks), and post-intervention (12 weeks) using a standardized protocol. The results indicated significant reductions in RHR across all groups, with the aerobic training group showing the most pronounced decrease, followed by the concurrent and resistance training groups. This comparative analysis underscores the efficacy of different exercise types in improving cardiovascular health as indicated by reductions in resting heart rate. These findings provide valuable insights for designing targeted exercise programs to optimize cardiovascular benefits in young adults.

This article talks about gastric ulcer disease and its modern treatment methods , as well as methods of determining the structure of the stomach and various pathological conditions occurring in it. If peptic ulcer disease is not treated, the condition of the patient worsens day by day. For example, a wound may bleed. In this case, fainting, sometimes intestinal bleeding or vomiting of blood occur. Also, if the necessary medical procedures are not carried out, the stomach ulcer can turn into a tumor, cause cancer and cause diseases such as gall bladder diseases, cholecystitis (inflammation of the gall bladder), pancreatitis (inflammation of the pancreas) .

Currently, there is an urgent need to address the diagnosis and identification of the causes of temporomandibular joint disorders. The current realities in dentistry significantly contribute to this problem: the use of high-strength and rigid materials, the abundance of total restorations and orthodontic treatment, and the lack of comprehensive diagnosis of the maxillofacial region to identify hidden, compensated temporomandibular joint pathology before dental intervention. All of this leads to the emergence of patients with pronounced, developed symptoms. The goal is to examine the relationship between various occlusal disorders, specifically between lateral mandibular displacement and internal temporomandibular joint disorders (or disc dislocations, intra-articular elements).Methods and materials. Based on literature data, an assessment of the prevalence of disc dislocation was conducted, and various etiological factors of internal temporomandibular joint disorders were considered, particularly certain types of pathological occlusion that can significantly impact the disturbance of the relationship between intra-articular elements. As an example, two clinical cases with temporomandibular joint disorders with similar symptoms and the presence of transverse bite pathology due to incorrect jaw growth and acquired pathology during dental interventions are presented. Conclusion. It has been found that transverse bite pathology typically provokes temporomandibular joint dysfunction and internal joint disorders. Further research will focus on identifying occlusal factors that are highly likely to trigger the development of temporomandibular joint disorders, studying their mechanism of influence, and exploring methods of detection.

 The artіcle deals wіth the іnnovatіon polіcy of the state, whіch should іnclude a system of measures to stіmulate, manage, plan and control іnnovatіon actіvіtіes іn the fіeld of scіence, technology and productіon. The prіncіpal features of the іnnovatіve unіversіty model are presented and prіorіty areas of іnnovatіon polіcy іn the unіversіty are іdentіfіed.

The article discusses the knowledge, abilities, skills and goals of teaching the native language, including the methodology of teaching nouns in secondary schools, as well as the process of teaching nouns. The process is covered in a number of practical problems and examples.

The use of sedative medicines obtained from plant materials is becoming popular every year. Interest in herbal medicines is explained by their effectiveness and safety. The increased interest in such drugs is primarily due to the possibility of self-medication, ease of use, simplicity of dosage, and a minimum of contraindications and side effects. In this regard, the creation of a herbal sedative “Leoglycirflom” is relevant.

double-sided plasma is repaired with needles (10 cm), they have the appearance of a cylinder (15 cm) covered with a protective cover, and there is a special air duct that performs the function of changing pressure. Composition (quality polyethylene). The styrene shell is covered with soft polyethylene.

Hypertensive disorders during pregnancy are a major global health concern. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), the prevalence of arterial hypertension among the middle-aged population was estimated to be 20-30% in 2008. By 2021, the prevalence of hypertension among adults had increased to 25-35%, and it is projected to rise by an additional 5-10% by 2023. Notably, the prevalence of arterial hypertension during pregnancy is significantly higher, ranging from 35-45%.

Pregnancy with chronic arterial hypertension poses significant risks, including premature delivery, increased perinatal morbidity and mortality, and maternal complications. Pre-eclampsia and eclampsia, in particular, are severe complications of chronic arterial hypertension that can increase the risk of maternal death by 30-40%.

Despite the availability of standardized antihypertensive therapy guidelines for pregnant women, the early detection and effective management of chronic arterial hypertension during pregnancy remain challenging. This is crucial for preventing complications, reducing maternal and fetal mortality, and ensuring a safe and healthy pregnancy. Therefore, further research is needed to investigate the effects of antihypertensive drugs on pregnancy outcomes in women with chronic arterial hypertension.

Uzbekistan has significant potential for developing its biotechnology sector due to its rich agricultural resources, growing scientific capabilities, and government support. This article examines the current state and future prospects of biotechnology in Uzbekistan, including key focus areas, challenges, and recommendations to further advance the field. The results indicate that Uzbekistan has made notable progress in agricultural and medical biotechnology, with increasing research output and international collaborations.

The cardiovascular system is concerned with the transport of blood and lymph through the body. It may be divided into four major components: the heart, the macrocirculation, the microcirculation and the lymph vascular system.

According to the World Health Organization, thyroid pathology is one of the most common in humans and is one of the risk factors for cardiovascular diseases. Hypofunction of the thyroid gland aggravates the mechanisms of potentiation of cardiovascular risk factors, which was the reason for studying the level of blood lipids in all patients with thyroid dysfunction. The study determined the relationship between elevated levels of thyroid-stimulating hormone and blood lipids.

In this article, the comparison of the verb word category in Uzbek, Russian and Karakalpak languages, verb proportions: exact, majhul and self-proportions, their similarities and differences were studied.

Hypertensive disorders during pregnancy are a major global health concern. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), the prevalence of arterial hypertension among the middle-aged population was estimated to be 20-30% in 2008. By 2021, the prevalence of hypertension among adults had increased to 25-35%, and it is projected to rise by an additional 5-10% by 2023. Notably, the prevalence of arterial hypertension during pregnancy is significantly higher, ranging from 35-45%.

Pregnancy with chronic arterial hypertension poses significant risks, including premature delivery, increased perinatal morbidity and mortality, and maternal complications. Pre-eclampsia and eclampsia, in particular, are severe complications of chronic arterial hypertension that can increase the risk of maternal death by 30-40%.

Despite the availability of standardized antihypertensive therapy guidelines for pregnant women, the early detection and effective management of chronic arterial hypertension during pregnancy remain challenging. This is crucial for preventing complications, reducing maternal and fetal mortality, and ensuring a safe and healthy pregnancy. Therefore, further research is needed to investigate the effects of antihypertensive drugs on pregnancy outcomes in women with chronic arterial hypertension.

Today, the problem of choosing a treatment method for spontaneous pneumothorax remains undoubtedly relevant. There are still no clear indications for the use of one or another treatment method. Currently, the main factor for the use of a particular treatment method is the criterion of time elapsed since the disease. The medical records of 368 patients were analyzed. Using inclusion and exclusion criteria, the database was reduced. The groups were compared based on the presence or absence of differences. Using dependency analysis, we excluded variables that were not related to the grouping of patients. The parameters for assessing the patient's condition are described, which, one way or another, influence group differences. Among these parameters, both physical and laboratory parameters were identified.

The article is about layered deposits, layered deposit mining systems, rock mechanical and technological properties, ore body stagnation conditions, factors affecting the mining process and their elimination, description of some layered deposit mining systems, current processes of layered deposits are discussed.

Mother tongue is a natural tool of every person. Through this language we can express our thoughts, learn knowledge and communicate with other people. Therefore, learning the mother tongue is important for everyone. However, mother tongue teaching can be problematic for different learners.

Complex myopic astigmatism is a prevalent refractive error in Uzbekistan, characterized by the combination of myopia and astigmatism. Diagnosis involves a comprehensive eye examination, and management options include corrective lenses, refractive surgery, and orthokeratology. Improving access to eye care services and raising awareness about refractive errors are crucial for addressing complex myopic astigmatism in Uzbekistan.

Protecting women's rights is an imperative step towards achieving gender equality and promoting social justice. Despite significant progress made in recent decades, women around the world continue to face various forms of discrimination, violence, and marginalization. It is essential to implement effective measures to safeguard women's rights and empower them to reach their full potential. This article will elucidate on the crucial measures necessary to protect women's rights and promote gender equality.

 Control of smooth muscle іs vіtal for health. The major route to contractіon іs a rіse іn іntracellular [Ca²⁺], determіned by the entry and efflux of Ca²⁺ and release and re-uptake іnto the sarcoplasmіc retіculum (SR). We revіew these processes іn myometrіum, to better understand excіtatіon-contractіon couplіng and develop strategіes for preventіng problematіc labours. The maіn mechanіsm of elevatіng [Ca²⁺] іs voltage-gated L-type channels, due to pacemaker actіvіty, whіch can be modulated by agonіsts. The rіse of [Ca²⁺] produces Ca-calmodulіn and actіvates MLCK. Thіs phosphorylates myosіn and force results. Wіthout Ca²⁺ entry uterіne contractіon faіls. The Na/Ca exchanger (NCX) and plasma membrane Ca-ATPase (PMCA) remove Ca²⁺, wіth contrіbutіons of 30% and 70% respectіvely. Studіes wіth PMCA-4 knockout mіce show that іt contrіbutes to reducіng [Ca²⁺] and relaxatіon.

 Monomeric complex compounds based on acrylamide and copper chlorides have been synthesized. The reaction of interaction of acrylamide with copper chloride was carried out by heating in solutions, followed by washing and drying of the precipitated crystal

The aim of the study: to study the features of the clinical picture and treatment tactics for community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) in children with cerebral palsy (CP).

The unique adaptation of Schizothorax plagiostomus to freshwater environments includes its ability to exhibit potamodromous behavior. Potamodromy refers to the migration of fish within river systems for different life stages. Schizothorax plagiostomus is known to migrate in river systems such as the Indus, Siran, Unar and Kharo rivers to adapt to its freshwater habitats and manage different environments within the river for feeding, breeding and other activities demonstrates ability. This adaptation allows Schizothorax plagiostomus to develop in dynamic freshwater ecosystems and use different parts of the river for its survival and reproduction. This article provides information about the habitat, adaptation and morphology of the fish Schizothorax plagiostomus Heckel 1838.

The literature emphasizes that [1, 3, 6, 16], that many cardiac arrhythmias are based on re–entry mechanisms due to the presence of a DPP pulse, the ECG expression of which are varieties of LVH (syndromes and phenomena: WPW, CLC, Mahaima – Levy). DPP is quite common in the pediatric population (up to 0.5 – 0.8%), but they do not always transform into life-threatening arrhythmias [2, 5, 7].  Many factors are important in the stabilization and manifestation of DPP, the leading of which are disorders of the postnatal development of the child, including the conductive structures of the heart, the role of the initial electrophysiological features of the myocardium is important (myocardial instability) [1, 4, 13, 17].

Anterior urethroplasty is a careful framework that involves the recreation of the foremost urethra, frequently did to manage urethral injuries, a circumstance described through limiting of the urethra. While the framework has been demonstrated to be worthwhile in settling indications of urethral injury, issues have been raised about its significantly effect on sexual capability. This article objectives to give a total assessment of the ongoing writing on sexual trademark after foremost urethroplasty, featuring the current day enthusiasm for this confounded issue.

Using 283 gastrobiopsy specimens obtained from 113 patients with chronic gastroduodenitis, Helicobacter pylori infection was diagnosed using invasive (histology, histobacterioscopy, urease helpil test) and non-invasive (breathing helix test, enzyme-linked immunosorbent test system "GastroPanel") methods. Damage to the antrum of the stomach was detected by histological method in 59.7% of patients, and by the GastroPanel method - in 36.6%. Changes in the fundus were diagnosed by histological method in 20.5% of the observed patients, and by the GastroPanel method - in 17.6%.

As is known, the formation and formation of the immune system is a process that is determined by the interaction of the gene regulation of development with environmental factors (antigens). Peptic ulcer of the stomach and duodenum is a chronic recurrent disease that occurs with alternating periods of exacerbation and remission, the main morphological feature of which is the formation of ulcers in the stomach and / or duodenum. The ulcerative defect penetrates through the muscle plate of the mucous membrane into the submucosal base or deeper. Under normal conditions, aggressive and protective factors are balanced, and therefore damage to stomach cells does not occur, however, in case of violation of this balance, damage to the mucosa in the form of erosions and / or ulcers may occur. Protective factors are represented by three components: preepithelial, epithelial, and postepithelial. The preepithelial mucus includes mucin, bicarbonates and surfactant phospholipids. The epithelial component includes surface cells, their apical dense contacts and membrane transporters.

Today, concomitant somatic pathology requiring dental implantation speaks for the relevance of this problem and its practical significance in general. The purpose of the study: Improving methods of prevention and predicting complications that arise after dental implantation surgery in patients with hypertension, and developing tactics for preoperative preparation and determining diagnostic criteria for selecting patients with adentia with concomitant disease in the process of planning dental implantation.An algorithm for the actions of the medical staff of the dental clinic has been created, which makes it possible to achieve an objective assessment of both the general condition of the patient with hypertension and the local status of the tissues in the area of the planned intervention. Exact criteria have been developed to determine the very possibility of endosseous implantation. In accordance with them, this manipulation is possible only in cases of hypertension of I and II degrees of severity.

Early ovarian failure (EOF), also known as premature ovarian insufficiency, affects approximately 1% of women under the age of 40. Timely diagnosis and intervention are crucial for preserving fertility and mitigating the long-term health consequences associated with EOF. This article explores the current understanding of biochemical indicators that may serve as predictive markers for EOF.

According to the World Health Organization, complementary feeding is the feeding of liquids and foods to infants in addition to natural, artificial or mixed feeding. The purpose of expanding the children’s diet is saturation the baby and creates conditions for his growth and full development. The article presents the principles and general rules for introducing the first complementary foods to a child, as well as the advantages and disadvantages of pediatric and pedagogical types of complementary foods. The author also highlighted the general rules for the introduction of complementary foods to children in the first year of life.

The number of allergic diseases is growing steadily. The problem of the prevalence of allergic diseases and pseudoallergic conditions is of great importance for practical healthcare. Such studies are important for the development of methods of secondary sensitization in practically healthy people, as well as risk factors for the development of pseudoallergic conditions, the search for effective methods of treatment and rehabilitation [1].

Exaggerated cardiovascular response to acute and stresses increases the risk for hypertension and cardiovascular disease. Stress also can be broadly defined as a disruption of homeostasis. The re-establishment and maintenance of homeostasis entail the coordinated activation and control of neuroendocrine and autonomic stress systems. Stressor-related information from all major sensory systems is conveyed to the brain.  Brain activates neural and neuroendocrine systems to minimize the harmful effects of stress. Stress is generally thought to contribute to the development of hypertension. On the other hand, the evidence is still inconclusive. It is generally accepted that stress-induced hypertension occurs because of increases in sympathoadrenal activity, which enhances vascular tone, but complete α-adrenoreceptor blockade cannot prevent the long-lasting vasoconstriction induced by sympathetic nerve stimulation. That is why it is suggested that sympathetic nerve-mediated vasoconstriction may also be mediated by factors other than catecholamines. In this review, we aim to present the relationship between blood pressure effectors and stress altogether, along with evaluating the relationship between stress and blood pressure.

Prostaglandins (Pg) are a group of lipid physiologically active substances formed in the body enzymatically from some essential fatty acids and containing a 20-membered carbon chain. Prostaglandins are mediators with pronounced physiological effects. They are derivatives of prostanic acid. Prostaglandins, together with thromboxanes and prostacyclin, form a subclass of prostanoids, which in turn are included in the class of eicosanoids.

In recent years, allergic diseases have been on the rise in the world. Atopic dermatitis takes the leading place among these diseases. Atopic dermatitis causes the development of bronchial asthma, pollinosis, urticaria, Quincke's tumor, allergic rhinitis in 70% of cases.

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The prevalence of chronic eating disorders in children has become a pressing issue that warrants immediate attention from parents, educators, and healthcare professionals. Eating disorders, such as anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, and binge eating disorder, were once considered to be the domain of adolescents and young adults. However, in recent years, there has been a disturbing trend of younger children being affected by these conditions. This article will examine the causes, consequences, and potential solutions to chronic eating disorders in children, highlighting the need for a comprehensive approach to address this complex issue.

Eye injuries can lead to vision impairment or blindness if not promptly diagnosed and treated. Ophthalmoscopy is an essential tool for instrumentally diagnosing eye injuries by allowing direct visualization of internal eye structures. This article reviews the use of ophthalmoscopy in diagnosing various types of eye injuries, including blunt and penetrating trauma, intraocular foreign bodies, chemical burns, and more. Methods of performing ophthalmoscopy are discussed, as well as key exam findings that aid in injury diagnosis. With proper technique, ophthalmoscopy enables early detection and monitoring of injury-related pathology to optimize visual outcomes.

The article provides information on the prevalence and treatment methods of diseases of decreasing brimonidine concentration as a new solution in the therapy of patients with glaucoma, using the scientific results of scientific research. The article is based on a study of articles related to the topic.

The main diagnostic method for identifying benign neoplasms was postoperative histological examination, but given the high probability of their malignancy and a number of other factors complicating their course, it would be necessary to initially recommend the use of a comprehensive preoperative examination and active surgical tactics in the early stages of the disease.

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In herpetology, hematological parameters are widely used in veterinary practice, in environmental and biological studies and as a complex bioindicator. Discrepancies in the interpretation of the results of different studies are due to the characteristics of reptile hematopoiesis and variability in the morphology of leukocytes, which leads to distortions of the real picture. The purpose of the work is to summarize the critically significant multivariate aspects in reptile hematology that are of significant importance for theory and practice.

 Given the current trend, artificial intelligence technologies are likely to be increasingly integrated into research and practical medicine, including hematology. Thus, artificial intelligence and machine learning deserve attention and understanding from

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is one of the key medical and social problems in most countries of the world, which is one of the main priorities of national health programs [Dedov I.I., 2010; Suntsov Yu.I. et al., 2011]. Purpose: to study gender characteristics of morphometric indicators of the light-refracting parts of the eye in children and adolescents with type I diabetes mellitus. Materials and methods: Data from a survey of the morphometric parameters of the light-refracting parts of the eye in children with diabetes mellitus, 60 children from 7 to 18 years old, were analyzed for the period from 2021-2023, and 30 children with diabetes mellitus and 30 healthy children (comparison group) were examined. age and gender. Conclusions: Regardless of the severity of the disease, reactive-dystrophic pathological changes in these eye parameters were identified as a result of diabetes mellitus.

The concept of "concept" in language culture refers to a special type of knowledge related to the language and culture of a particular community. A concept is a complex concept that includes linguistic expressions, associated meanings and associations, and cultural norms and values.

 The article discusses cirrhotic cardiomyopathy (CCM) in patients with liver cirrhosis caused by viral infections like hepatitis B and C. It explores the prognosis and management of this cardiac complication within the context of advanced liver disease. CCM involves cardiac structural and functional changes independent of other heart diseases. Key factors include impaired contractility, altered neurohormonal regulation, electrophysiological abnormalities, and myocardial fibrosis.

The importance of identifying the stage of liver fibrosis has motivated the development of non-invasive methods. This study aimed to evaluate the applicability of ultrasound analysis involving the wave-number domain attenuation coefficient (W-Ac) in the non-invasive quantitative differentiation of liver fibrosis.

It is a common skin disease that affects teenagers and adults. It can be uncomfortable and embarrassing, leading to self-esteem and mental health issues. Although treatments such as medication and skin care products are often used to combat breakouts, physical therapy is an effective alternative for post-acne care.

This work aimed to study the relationship of the acetylator phenotype with the features of the clinical course of brucellosis in patients to develop prognostic criteria for the development of complications and indications for the use of antibiotics depending on the degree of N acetyltransferase activity. Materials and methods. The study included 178 patients with various clinical forms of brucellosis. The acetylation phenotype was determined in urine by the method of A.M. Timofeeva modified by G.A. Ponomarev. Results. The results obtained showed that brucellosis in SA has a longer duration with destructive and necrotic lesions of organs such as the myocardium, liver, brain, and joints. Since the process of SA is sluggish, intermediate products of inflammation accumulate in the body, and high endogenous intoxication develops. The transition of an acute process to a chronic one increases. The conducted antibiotic therapy has a positive effect since a high concentration of the antibiotic accumulates in the body, but the toxic effect of the drug on the liver increases. For patients with FA the process proceeds quickly, due to this, endogenous intoxication in patients is low, the antibiotic therapy carried out is temporary, since the antibiotic is released from the body faster and the expected effect is not observed. Due to this, in 24.5% of adults with FA, the acute process becomes chronic. Conclusions: obligatory determination of the type of acetylation phenotype: in cases of detection of a slow type of acetylation, the appointment of combined antibiotic therapy should be controlled depending on the value of ABL to the TA of the joints with cancellation or continuation of treatment and add hepatoprotection to prevent hepatotoxic effect and detoxification therapy; in cases of detection of a rapid type of acetylation, the appointment of a longer course of combined antibiotic therapy, depending on the value of ABL to TA of the joints, cancel or continue treatment.

The main purpose of the article is to show stomatologic indicators in allergic children using the example of 25 patients with atopic dermatitis.The article also discusses issues of further treatment of patients with this pathology.

Metabolic syndrome has emerged as a worldwide health hazard to modern lifestyles, representing a range of metabolic disorders and a risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Although interesting and compelling evidence is being collected, it raises awareness of the need for further research in this area to continue to strengthen these associations and uncover the pathological processes that support them. Ultimately, it targets patients with metabolic syndrome as a group of individuals at increased risk of developing age-related eye disease and vision loss.

 This article awakens a love for literature in the reader's heart. While reading this article, you will get acquainted with the life of Abdulla Oripov, how blessed he was, how much he dedicated his life to literature, how he left unforgettable creative examples for the society, but also for the whole of Uzbekistan, and it was precisely Abdulla Oripov who was assigned to write the national anthem.