This article examines how important the spread of brucellosis among people is today and measures to prevent its spread. Epidemiological features of the disease, spreading factors and diagnostic methods were analyzed in the study. The focus is on the implementation of effective preventive measures against the disease, including vaccination programs, compliance with sanitary and hygiene rules, and raising awareness of the population. The article describes strategies for the prevention of whooping cough.

Acute hematogenous osteomyelitis (AGO) is a common serious infection in children, characterized by inflammation of the bone and surrounding tissues as a result of bacterial infection. The pathogenetic mechanisms of this condition involve a complex interplay between the host's immune response and microbial virulence factors. The purpose of this article is to provide a pathogenetic basis for the effectiveness of complex therapy for the management of OGO in children.

The aim of the work is to study the severity and speed of relief of cephalgia, cerebral hemodynamic parameters and cognitive indicators in patients in the early recovery period of cerebral stroke in a placebo-controlled study. 96 patients (57 women and 39 men), whose average age was 62.4±2.9 years, were treated with complaints of headaches, impaired concentration, attention and memory, emotional exhaustion. The study participants were divided into 4 groups: the 1st ( n = 25) received a basic treatment complex supplemented with pharmacopuncture Cerebrum compositum ; 2nd ( n = 24) - basic complex and pharmacopuncture Placenta compositum ; 3rd ( n = 24) - the basic complex in combination with pharmacopuncture of physiological solution (placebo); in the 4th ( n = 23) only the basic treatment complex was used. The examination included an assessment of cognitive functions on the Mini - Mental scale State Examination (1975), pain syndrome on a visual analogue scale (1986), ultrasound duplex scanning of extracranial sections of the main arteries of the head (device Logic -400, USA). In the dynamics of therapy, patients in groups 1 and 2 showed a more rapid (after the 7th procedure) and pronounced (by 4.5 and 3.8 times by the 15th day of observation, respectively) decrease in the intensity of cephalgic syndrome than in groups 3 and 4. The best results were found in patients in group 1, where the treatment complex was supplemented with pharmacopuncture Cerebrum compositum . In patients of groups 1 and 2, an increase in the volumetric blood flow rate by 1.3 times was detected, the parameters of the resistance index decreased by 1.2 and 1.3 times, respectively, the pulsatory index - by 1.3 times, which significantly differed from similar values in groups 3 and 4. The best results in the parameters of cerebral hemocirculation were achieved using pharmacopuncture of the Placenta preparation compositum , while positive changes in cognitive indicators - Cerebrum composite .

Osteochondrosis is a complex degenerative disease of the musculoskeletal system that affects not only the intervertebral discs, but also other parts of the spine, as well as muscles and nerve endings. This disease is the result of many factors affecting the health of the musculoskeletal system. [1]. The great interest of doctors of various specialties in OS (osteochondrosis of the spine) is due to the extreme prevalence of the disease worldwide [2,3,11]. Screening X-ray examinations indicate that the initial signs of degenerative-dystrophic changes in the spine, manifested in a decrease in the height of the intervertebral discs, may already appear in children aged 6 years, which signals the occurrence of osteochondrosis.  [4] Acute problems associated with this disease arise due to its widespread prevalence among people of working age (45-60 years), which leads to significant economic losses, including the cost of medical services and reduced labor productivity. [5,6,12] In people over 50 years of age, the pathology of the musculoskeletal system occupies a leading place in the structure of general morbidity. OS with spondylogenic pain syndrome is the second most common reason for going to a doctor after respiratory diseases and the third most common reason for hospitalization [7,8]. Thus, the prevalence of OS reaches the size of a pandemic and is a serious medical and socio-economic problem in developed countries [9, 10]. Nevertheless, early diagnosis, adequate treatment and rehabilitation play a key role in improving the quality of life of patients and in a positive medical and social prognosis for people with osteochondrosis of the spine.

The review includes data on the pathogenesis of cardiorenal syndrome (CRS) and patients with chronic heart failure (CHF). In the population of patients with impaired kidney function, the prevalence of cardiovascular diseases is 64% higher than in those without impaired kidney function. An independent inverse relationship was found between CFR <60 ml/min/1.73 m2 and the risk of death, cardiovascular complications, and hospitalization. The frequency of new cardiovascular complications is 4.8% in patients with stage 2 and almost doubles in stage 3-4. Dialysis patients or kidney transplant patients have a tenfold higher risk of adverse cardiovascular outcomes than the general population.

 Erosive and ulcerative lesions of the digestive tract are one of the most pressing problems in the clinical practice of internal diseases due to their extremely widespread prevalence, the presence of severe complications, often fatal, diagnostic difficulties due to a large number of asymptomatic pathologies and difficulties in rational choice of therapy. Of particular note are the data that during the global pandemic, COVID-19 infection can quite often cause the development of erosive and ulcerative lesions of the gastrointestinal tract.

Infectious mononucleosis is a widespread disease most often caused by the herpes virus Epstein-Barr (EBV), affecting 80-90% of the population. With timely and accurate diagnosis of infectious mononucleosis, the effectiveness of treatment of infected patients is manifested by a decrease in the duration of fever, the severity of proliferative syndrome in the lymph nodes, and a more rapid cessation of the cytolysis process.

In the article, the rate of infection among women of reproductive age in Samarkand region is analyzed. The article is intended for information purposes, and no targeted epidemiological study of the prevalence of TORCH infections has been conducted in this region. The data obtained on the main pathogens included in the TORCH infection group are screening data and are used to assess the specific humoral response of the population.Purpose: to study the results of laboratory research on the determination of markers of TORCH-infections.Methods: 13 572 laboratory tests of blood serum samples from 1778 patients were performed. The research was conducted by IFA method.Results of research: Tests were performed in different age groups (0-80years) of male and female sex, assigned profile research on TORCH-infection.Of all the results obtained, the percentage of seropositive was 52,72%. The main component is the addition of IgG to herpes virus, rubella virus and cytomegalovirus, and the presence of antibodies IgG and IgM to toxoplasma infection is minimal.Extracts: Currently, laboratory diagnostics has sufficiently sensitive and highly specific test systems for the detection of TORCH-infection by serological methods, which was confirmed by the minimum percentage of "indeterminate" results for all classes and types of immunoglobulins.

Based on the available literature and our own data on the vertical transmission of HBV, the features of the course of pregnancy on the background of HBV and the course of hepatitis B on the background of pregnancy, recommendations have been developed for the management of pregnant women with HBV.

The review is devoted to terminology, causes of development, epidemiology, and clinical significance of occult HBV infection (OVI). Attention is focused on the differences in the definitions of OVI given by the European, American and Asian-Pacific Associations for the Study of Liver Diseases. Modern data on various types of mutations that can lead to the development of OVI are presented. The issue of the presence of specific mutations that distinguish OVI from other forms of HBV infection, in which the hepatitis B virus antigen (HBsAg) may not be detected, is being discussed. The importance of OVI patients as sources of infection in transplantology and transfusiology is considered. Much attention is paid to the possibility of OVI reactivation in patients with immunosuppression, as well as in cases of coinfection with hepatitis C and HIV viruses. Data on the possible role of OVI in the development of liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma are presented.

The problem of measles infection is caused by the widespread spread, high contagiousness, and the defeat of all age groups of the population. World-class experts have concluded that due to vaccination, complete elimination of the measles virus is possible. The main reasons for the increase in morbidity are the “elusive” migration of the population from the vaccine, as well as late diagnosis of the disease and therefore not timely anti-epidemic measures.

Ureaplasmosis in men is an inflammatory disease of the genitourinary tract. This disease refers to sexually transmitted infections. Symptoms are usually absent; the most common manifestations are fever of varying severity, urinary disorders, sexual dysfunction and infertility. Diagnosis is based on the detection of the pathogen in a scraping from the urethra, urine or prostate secretions; serological methods are allowed. Treatment is etiotropic – antibacterial drugs, as well as pathogenetic and symptomatic agents.

 Although the classification of vitamins is not sufficiently scientifically sound, there is something in common with water-soluble vitamins. This commonality lies in the fact that they possess the ability to dissolve and are part of many coenzymes.

The article presents the results of the study of morphological and biochemical indices of blood of ewes of the 1st and 2nd grading classes bred in the West Uzbekistan region. It was established that the blood values ​​indicate that larger meat and wool ewes of the desired type and average live weight of the production group of the 2nd class differed at the morphological level. According to the structure of the morphological composition of the blood, larger animals were characterized by slightly higher indices, which indicates a higher level of energy and protein metabolism in their body.

Chronic heart failure (CHF) is a global medical, social and economic problem. CHF is a syndrome caused by an imbalance in the neurohumoral regulation of the cardiovascular system, which is accompanied by a violation of the systolic and/or diastolic function of the heart. Currently, the search for and study of new biological markers that can ensure early diagnosis of CHF, serve as a laboratory tool for assessing the effectiveness of treatment, or be used as prognostic markers and risk stratification criteria continues.

This article examines the medicinal properties of aloe (Aloe vera) and its application in the treatment of gastric ulcers. Data on the chemical composition of aloe, its biologically active substances, and their effects on the healing of ulcerative lesions are presented. Methods of using aloe in traditional and folk medicine are described, along with research findings confirming its effectiveness. The work highlights the potential of aloe as a natural remedy for improving the condition of patients with gastric ulcers

The article provides a scientific analysis of the main differences and similarities of influenza and COVID-19, the problems of their ability to distinguish them from each other. Specific facts are shown about the types of transmission and methods of treatment, when and where COVID-19 appeared, how many people fell ill with it, how many recovered. This disease, which caused the pandemic caused by COVID-19, caused the whole world to lose its integrity, took with it how many people from the world. The main thing is that even in patients recovering from this disease, it led to the development of some kind of complications and comorbidities [1]. The relevance of the topic is also due to the fact that highlighting the clinical signs, similarities and differences of these diseases, the development of measures to prevent and treat them, showing the differences in the complications they leave [2].

Medical science, hygiene science and physiology science tasks, anatomical science departments, microscopic anatomy, macroscopic anatomy, about dolichomorphic people, about mesomorphic people, about brachymorphic people, anatomical levels, frontal or coronal level, sagittal level, median level, transversal level, oblique level.

This article is about the structure and biology of Lemna minor and Azolla plants. It is even possible to obtain valuable fertilizer from them. In traditional medicine, this plant is mainly used to prepare medicines and treat many diseases. Lemna minor extract has antioxidant, anti-radical, immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory properties.

 Trophoblastic disease is a rare group of disorders resulting from abnormal proliferation of trophoblast cells, commonly associated with pregnancy. This study provides a detailed overview of the etiology, risk factors, pathophysiology, and modern diagnostic and treatment methods. Special emphasis is placed on advanced imaging, biomarker analysis, and innovative therapeutic strategies. The findings demonstrate how multidisciplinary approaches and personalized treatment plans have significantly improved patient survival rates and reduced complications.

This article focuses on evaluating the current healthcare reforms, with an emphasis on improving primary healthcare services in Uzbekistan. The paper examines the key aspects of the reforms aimed at enhancing the accessibility, quality, and effectiveness of healthcare at the primary level. The research methodology includes an analysis of the current state of the healthcare system, as well as an assessment of the impact of the reforms on service quality improvement. The main findings indicate the successful implementation of digital technologies, the upgrading of medical staff qualifications, and improvements in infrastructure. However, challenges remain in ensuring equal access to medical services and the sustainability of the system. The significance of the study lies in providing recommendations for further improvements in healthcare, which could strengthen the national healthcare system and improve the quality of life for the population.

Wellness tourism is a powerful intersection of two large and growing multi-trillion dollar sectors of the economy: tourism and healthcare. Holistic health and prevention are increasingly at the center of consumer decisions, and people now expect to continue a healthy lifestyle and wellness treatments when they are away from their home.

The WHO Constitution defines health as a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being, and not only the absence of diseases and physical defects. The enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of health is one of the fundamental rights of every human being without distinction of race, religion, political beliefs, economic or social status. The achievements of any State in the field of improving and protecting health are of value to the whole world.

At the same time, the health status of the population is determined by the economic, social, and environmental living conditions of the population, sanitary culture, quality and accessibility of medical care. It also depends on natural factors (climate, weather conditions, flora, fauna, etc.) and the state of the environment.

Uzbekistan has both natural and human resources. The uniqueness of each region of the country makes it possible to expand and increase the potential of health tourism in the country. The development of domestic health tourism in the country is currently one of the priorities in the field of tourism development of the Republic of Uzbekistan.

A fundamental approach to assessing and understanding the features of the structure of the spleen, the size of its functional zones and the distribution of immunocompetent cells in the norm was the recalculation of  morphometric indicators taking into account the mass of the organ.  As a result of histological, immunohistochemical and morphometric  studies of spleen samples of persons who had no history of diseases of the  hematopoietic system and other pathology, the minimum and maximum values of relative (%) and absolute values of the mass (g) of white pulp and its compartments, the value of red pulp, as well as the content of cellular elements in these functional zones were determined. It was found that the characteristics of the parameters of white and red pulp depend on the migration properties of immunocompetent cells, the degree of activity of immune processes occurring in various compartments of these zones. According to the data obtained, it seems possible to distinguish three  stages of the course of immunoreactive processes in the functional zones of the  spleen.

 This article is due to the fact that diseases of the oral mucosa, in particular herpetic ulcers, are quite common. With the development of medicine and pharmacology in the 21st century, there are many methods and drugs for treating this disease, but there is still no fully effective treatment. This is due to the fact that stomatitis has many causes of development, as a result of which the treatment should be complex and versatile. The problems of relapse and treatment of stomatitis are relevant to this day, which motivates specialists to conduct research in this area of dentistry.

The work studied in vitro changes in starch digestibility when interacting with sunflower oil hydrolyzate as part of starch-fat substrates. As a result of the study, it was found that with increasing time of the joint presence and interaction of corn, rice or wheat starch with sunflower oil hydrolysate, there is a significant decrease in digestibility under the influence of salivary amylase of starch and an increase in its content in the composition of starch substrates and sunflower oil hydrolysates. In addition, using a substrate containing corn, rice or wheat starch together with sunflower oil hydrolysate and increasing the interaction time between salivary amylase and sunflower oil hydrolysate, there is no decrease in digestibility under the influence of salivary amylase of starch and an increase in its content in the composition of starch substrates and sunflower hydrolysates oils These changes are due to the fact that the interaction of salivary amylase with sunflower oil hydrolysates are factors that prevent starch hydrolysis. They may be associated with the formation of complexes between starch and fatty acids, mono and diglycerides in the composition of sunflower oil hydrolysates, and the inhibitory ability of salivary amylase with sunflower oil hydrolysates is not noted.

Preventive dentistry is dental care that helps maintain good oral health. It's a combination of regular dental check-ups along with developing good habits like brushing and flossing. Taking care of your teeth starts early in childhood and extends throughout the course of your life. 

This article lungs diseases and them own on time diagnosis, as well as today in the day being used modern diagnostic methods and their to anatomy directed. In the article lungs and another breath members their illnesses in determining being used devices about information as well as the present in the day population between wide spread out lungs diseases, them diagnosis also thought about held.

This article is dedicated to the analysis of modern approaches to the prevention and control of infectious diseases in healthcare. It discusses the key goals and objectives in the fight against infections, as well as the effectiveness of various methods, including vaccination, improvements in sanitation, and the dissemination of information on protective measures. Special attention is given to innovations in the diagnosis and treatment of infectious diseases, such as the use of artificial intelligence, biomarkers, and new therapeutic and preventive methods. The article also analyzes the barriers faced by healthcare systems, such as financial constraints, insufficient public awareness, and issues with the accessibility of healthcare services. It emphasizes the importance of international cooperation, improving educational standards, and integrating preventive measures into the primary healthcare system. The conclusion highlights the need to overcome existing challenges to improve the effectiveness of the fight against infectious diseases and reduce their burden on society.  

This article presents an analysis of the results of measures to identify anxiety-phobic disorders observed in irritable bowel syndrome, improve medical psychological support, and treat disorders in the patient's psyche using psychotherapy methods. A statement was made about the importance of psychotherapeutic support in irritable bowel syndrome and achieving the intended result in a short time.

This article provides a comprehensive review of developmental and epileptic encephalopathies (DEEs) in pediatric patients, highlighting current perspectives on their etiology, clinical features, diagnosis, treatment approaches, and prognosis. DEEs are a group of severe neurological disorders characterized by refractory seizures, developmental delay, and intellectual disability. Advances in genetic research, particularly through next-generation sequencing, have significantly enhanced the diagnosis of these disorders and enabled more targeted therapeutic interventions. The article examines well-known epileptic syndromes associated with DEEs, including Dravet syndrome, Lennox-Gastaut syndrome, and CDKL5 deficiency disorder, discussing their clinical manifestations and genetic underpinnings. In addition, it explores the importance of early diagnosis, genetic testing, and the role of novel treatment strategies such as precision medicine, dietary interventions, and adjunctive therapies. Despite ongoing challenges, recent advances in treatment have provided new hope for improving the quality of life for affected children. The article concludes by emphasizing the need for a multidisciplinary approach and continuous research to better understand the pathophysiology and optimize treatment options for DEEs.

This article analyzes modern treatment methods for diabetes, particularly focusing on insulin pumps and GLP-1 analogs. Based on literature review, the effectiveness, advantages, and limitations of these treatment methods are examined. The article also explores development trends and future prospects of these technologies.

This article discusses the methods and opportunities for the early diagnosis of neurological diseases. The importance of early diagnosis and the methods used are analyzed based on modern technologies and research. The article highlights advanced methods in neurodiagnostics, such as neuroimaging, genetic studies, electrophysiological examinations, and approaches implemented with the help of artificial intelligence. Additionally, information is provided on innovative tools used to simplify diagnosis and improve the quality of life for patients.

 This article evaluates the diagnostic efficacy of the saliva microcrystallization test in detecting systemic bone remodeling disorders, such as osteoporosis. The study compares saliva crystallization patterns with traditional diagnostic methods, including bone mineral density (BMD) assessments and serum biomarkers. Findings indicate that the saliva microcrystallization test shows promise as a non-invasive, cost-effective diagnostic tool. However, its variability and external influences require further investigation to enhance its clinical reliability. The study highlights the potential of this test as a supplementary method for early detection and monitoring of systemic bone disorders.

This article discusses the clinical manifestations, etiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis, and modern methods of treatment for angina pectoris (ischemic heart disease). Various forms of angina, including stable, unstable, and variant angina, are explored in detail. Preventive measures and new technologies used in treatment are also presented. The article is intended for cardiology specialists and medical university students.

Currently, the existing legal and regulatory framework is a rather complex mechanism. It covers all possible parts of modern social life. With the help of such regulation, an optimal balance is ensured between business, the state and citizens, between their interests. There is one important task in such regulation. This implies the need to create certain foundations of a right-wing nature, with the help of which the actions of the subjects will be predictable and stable. These factors should also apply to the objects of legal relations. This requires the most precise formalization of the established standards, conditions and requirements. At the same time, they must be flexible enough in their application. In a rapidly changing world, this is a very important factor.

Myopic macular degeneration (myopic maculopathy) is a complex of potentially coexisting degenerative changes in the macular region associated with myopia, including atrophic (mosaic changes, focal and diffuse chorioretinal atrophy, mHNV-associated atrophy), traction (myopic traction maculopathy) and neovascular (mHNV and its outcomes) components. It is considered as the most serious, irreversible, vision-threatening complication and the leading cause of bilateral visual impairment and blindness due to myopia.

This scientific field examines the causes of the abandonment and rejuvenation of myopia in adolescents in the mountainous and foothill areas of the Andijan region, risk factors affecting the development of the disease, their origin, etiology, pathogenesis, clinic, diagnosis, complications and methods of their elimination. Treatment in the field of treatment is laid in a broad modern direction.

 Age–related macular degeneration (AMD) is a progressive disease that steadily leads to blindness and manifests itself as a chronic degenerative process in the pigment epithelium, Bruch's membrane and choriocapillary layer of the macular zone of the retina. Spectral optical coherence tomography (SOCT) is the most informative method of morphometric examination in patients with retinal diseases. Among the functional ones, static automatic perimetry (SAP) is the most informative, which makes it possible to evaluate the features of changes in the central field of vision, indicating the quantitative and percentage ratio of absolute and relative changes.

This article aims to provide intensive care for newborns with asphyxia, the results of the Apgar score assessment of the infant's condition, the results of the examination, the manifestation of intranatal hypoxia, a comparative assessment of resuscitation in cases of neonatal asphyxia , and the identification of the main causes of newborn asphyxia .

The human microbiota, comprising diverse microorganisms, plays a critical role in maintaining health and modulating immune responses. Its influence on infection development is profound, with a balanced microbiota acting as a barrier against pathogenic invasions through competitive exclusion, antimicrobial production, and immune system regulation. Dysbiosis—microbial imbalance—disrupts these protective mechanisms, increasing susceptibility to infections such as Clostridioides difficile, respiratory infections, and viral diseases. The microbiota also affects infection severity and outcomes, emphasizing the importance of microbial diversity.

The article discusses the development of diabetes mellitus due to pressure and stress, as well as the physiological processes and stages of action of this factor. It also explains the dependence of diabetes on neurological factors.

Despite the fact that rickets has been known since ancient times, this problem remains relevant today. As a result of the study, 28.9% of children had signs of rickets. Of the factors on the part of the child, these were the low content of 25(OH)D3 in the blood serum of children (78.3%), the lack of prevention of rickets with vitamin D in the 1st year of life (68.9%), frequent acute respiratory viral infections (49.4 %), insufficient exposure to fresh air for less than 20 minutes (38.6%), time of birth of the child (autumn-winter period) (32.4%), perinatal factors (32.1%), birth weight of the child over 35,000 g (24.7%). The main factors on the part of mothers are the lack of vitamin D intake during pregnancy (85.2%), malnutrition during pregnancy (59.0%), iron deficiency anemia during pregnancy (62.0%), housewives (48.5%), young age of the mother during the 1st pregnancy (54.1%) and complicated childbirth (47.8%), while toxicosis of pregnant women accounted for only 13.7%.

In this article, we will thoroughly examine the main postoperative complications that may arise as a result of surgical intervention for scar stenosis of the trachea. Recommendations for the prevention of these complications will also be provided, which will enhance the safety and effectiveness of surgical treatment. A proper approach to preoperative preparation, the selection of anesthesia methods, and monitoring the patient's condition in the postoperative period can significantly reduce the risk of complications and improve treatment outcomes.

The article discusses the use of hydrotherapy as a treatment method for hypertensive crisis (HC), which is an emergency situation with a sharp increase in blood pressure that requires immediate intervention. The mechanism of action of leeches is described, their effect on lowering blood pressure, improving microcirculation and relaxing blood vessels. The advantages of hydrotherapy for GC are considered, including reducing the dosage of medications and minimizing side effects. Possible risks and contraindications associated with the use of leeches are also outlined, and recommendations for using the method in emergency situations are provided. The article emphasizes the importance of a professional approach and strict control when using hydrotherapy in conditions of hypertensive crisis.

This article explores the significance and widespread use of abbreviations in modern communication. It highlights how abbreviations enhance the efficiency and speed of information exchange in various contexts, such as digital communication, professional settings, and everyday conversations. The article also discusses the potential challenges of abbreviation use, including misinterpretation and the loss of language richness. It concludes by emphasizing the balance between efficiency and clarity in communication.

The experiment was conducted at the "Histology and Biology" Department of the Fergana  Medical Institute of Public Health, where 15 clinically healthy adult male rabbits were selected. The rabbits were kept in experimental conditions in the vivarium of the institute for a period of 1 to 6 months. For the research, the pesticide chlorpyrifos, which affects the respiratory system, was applied in aerosol form. The rabbits were kept under experimental conditions for both 1 month and 6 months. The rabbits that underwent euthanasia were analyzed, and bronchial inflammation, alveolar swelling, and fluid accumulation were observed. An increase in the number of lymphocytes and the intensification of inflammatory processes in the lymph nodes, as well as the development of necrosis in the medulla, were identified. The study confirmed the short-term and long-term effects of the chlorpyrifos pesticide on the body, as well as its negative impact on the immune system, further highlighting the ecological risks of pesticides and their effects on health.

 Stress and mood disorders are among the most common mental health issues faced globally, affecting individuals across various age groups and socioeconomic backgrounds. This article explores the most widely used therapies for managing stress and mood disorders, with a focus on psychotherapy and pharmacotherapy. Psychotherapeutic interventions, such as Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) and Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MBSR), have shown promising results in alleviating symptoms of stress, anxiety, and depression. Pharmacological treatments, including antidepressants and anxiolytics, offer additional options for patients with severe or persistent symptoms. By examining the effectiveness, benefits, and limitations of these therapies, this article aims to provide a comprehensive overview of current approaches in managing stress and mood disorders.

 Studying the prevalence of major bronchopulmonary diseases is one of the critical indicators of public health, including among military personnel. Data obtained from various studies show different results due to factors such as living and working conditions, methodology of data collection, diagnostic methods, and the availability of preventive measures. The aim of our research is to assess the results of general clinical and biochemical analyses in the course of major bronchopulmonary diseases among military personnel. To achieve this, we set out to study laboratory analyses related to community-acquired pneumonia and chronic nonspecific lung diseases (including chronic bronchitis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and bronchial asthma) among military personnel. To gather comprehensive information about the primary symptoms and progression of these diseases, prospective studies were conducted in 2023 on patients treated at the Tashkent Central Military Clinical Hospital. The study included 273 military personnel who were categorized into the following age groups: under 29 years, 30-39 years, 40-49 years, and 50 years or older. Due to the limited number of cases observed among those aged 60 and 70, these individuals were not placed in separate groups. Among the participants, 33.7% (92 individuals) were relatively healthy with no lung diseases, 33.7% (92 individuals) had community-acquired pneumonia, and 32.6% (89 individuals) were diagnosed with chronic nonspecific lung diseases (CHNLD).

Today, MRI diagnostics hold a vital place in medicine. Its ability to detect modern diseases, particularly those related to the nervous system, cardiovascular system, and oncology, has made early diagnosis increasingly important. With its high precision and safety, millions of patients undergo MRI every еar for treatment and monitoring. The absence of radiation exposure makes MRI safe for pregnant women and children. Additionally, the technology continues to advance, finding broader applications еar by еar. MRI is an integral part of the global healthcare system!

Ensuring digitization and management of all stages of enterprise supply through introduction of modern information technologies in enterprises operating in industrial sector, and systematic implementation of work to integrate installed software products with technological re-equipment programs of these enterprises; achieving transparency of financial and economic activities through the introduction of modern software products and advanced information and communication systems in exporting enterprises to prevent production of products (works, services) in accordance with the world standards and production interruptions, reduce production costs and maximize profits achieving the introduction of innovative digital management systems and Fintech (financial technology) software products;increase export potential by establishing mechanisms for interaction with customers (clients) in a transparent, virtual, B2B form remotely (online platforms) in order to improve customer service and increase sales in export operations; improving the system of support for reception of management data, including through introduction of real-time business analysis system and enterprise resource management system (ERP) in large businesses with a large share of the country's export potential.

 The unique properties of chitin and chitosan attract the attention of many specialists in various fields of science. The role of biopolymers in our lives is recognized by everyone. This article presents the results of obtaining chitosan biopolymer from a new promising source - narrow-fingered crayfish. Information about the narrow-toed crab and its distribution in Uzbekistan is also provided.

This article analyzes the important biological functions of hormones in the human body and their impact on various systems. The main types of hormones, their secreting glands, and the physiological processes they regulate are discussed. Additionally, the effects of hormonal imbalances on health and modern diagnostic methods are examined. This article is intended for specialists in the field of endocrinology, doctors, and students.

This article discusses the primary goals of oxygen therapy in resuscitation, the methods used, and new approaches aimed at improving its effectiveness. The significance of oxygen therapy in cases of oxygen deficiency is highlighted, with detailed information provided on various methods, including nasal catheters, oxygen masks, and mechanical ventilation. Additionally, potential complications during therapy and ways to prevent them are discussed.

This article provides information on the anatomical structure of the spine, its main sections, functional significance, and its role in human movement. Additionally, it analyzes the most common spinal diseases, their causes, clinical symptoms, and treatment methods. The article is beneficial for healthcare professionals and students, highlighting the essential principles for maintaining spinal health.

 Premature rupture of membranes (PROM) is a prevalent obstetric complication occurring in up to 20% of pregnancies, leading to significant maternal and neonatal morbidity. This study aimed to identify and compare the primary risk factors for PROM and premature labor without PROM. Analysis of 100 pregnancies complicated by PROM and 100 cases of premature labor without PROM revealed that complicated obstetric histories, including induced abortions and stillbirths, were common in both groups. PROM predominantly occurred between 29–37 weeks of gestation, with microbial infections such as Enterococcus faecalis and E. coli playing a significant role. In contrast, severe preeclampsia was the primary cause of premature labor in the control group. Management strategies varied between groups, emphasizing the need for targeted interventions based on underlying risk factors.

The article highlights the role of B vitamins (including B12) in the treatment of patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) and diabetic polyneuropathy. The importance of diagnostics and therapy of cardiac autonomic neuropathy is updated, ignoring which can serve as a factor worsening the course of DM and the cause of a fatal cardiovascular outcome. Possible mechanisms of vitamin B12 deficiency development in elderly patients and patients with DM are analyzed in detail.

The VAK learning model emphasizes catering to students' dominant learning styles: visual, auditory, and kinesthetic. By tailoring teaching strategies to these styles, educators can create more effective and engaging learning experiences. Below are specific aspects of each teaching style and how they can be implemented in a classroom.

This study aims to reveal the effectiveness of VAK model in learning of summary writing. This research was quasi experiment with pretest-posttest control group design. The population was 331 students of class VIII SMP Negeri 15 Yogyakarta. Determination of sample was done using simple cluster random sampling technique. Based on the determination, it was found that class VIII-J as experimental group and class VIII-A as control group. The data were collected through students’ summary writing and observation [1].

 Medical education requires innovative and effective teaching models to enhance student engagement, critical thinking, and clinical decision-making skills. The Active Collaborative Learning (ACL) model has emerged as a promising pedagogical approach that fosters active participation, teamwork, and problem-solving. This article explores the application of the ACL model in medical education, its benefits, and challenges, and suggests best practices for successful implementation [1,2]. Active Collaborative Learning (ACL) is an educational approach that emphasizes active student participation, teamwork, and problem-solving. It shifts learning from a passive, lecture-based model to an interactive, student-centered one. In medical education, where critical thinking, teamwork, and hands-on experience are crucial, ACL can significantly enhance learning outcomes. Below are key applications of the ACL model in medical education [3].

Medical education has traditionally been structured within rigid disciplinary boundaries, with a primary focus on biomedical sciences, clinical practice, and patient care. However, the evolving complexities of healthcare demand an interdisciplinary approach that integrates insights from various fields, such as technology, humanities, engineering, and social sciences. A cross-disciplinary approach to medical education enhances the learning experience, fosters innovation, and ultimately improves patient outcomes [1].

 Organic carbamates play a crucial role in modern medicinal chemistry due to their stability, bioavailability, and functional versatility. This review explores their chemical properties, synthetic methodologies, and pharmacological applications. The analysis highlights their significance in protease inhibitors, neuroactive drugs, prodrugs, and anthelmintic agents. Advances in sustainable synthesis, particularly CO₂-based carbonylation, enhance their applicability while addressing environmental concerns. Despite their advantages, hydrolytic instability remains a challenge, necessitating further research for improved structural modifications. Future advancements in carbamate-based therapeutics will drive innovation in drug design and development.

This article discusses the effect of microorganisms on women's reproductive health based on scientific foundations as well as international and Uzbek statistical data. It provides an understanding of the normal state of the microbiological environment and the risks of dysbiosis, and offers recommendations for the identification and prevention of reproductive system diseases. Relevant data is presented using visual diagrams.

Menopausal hormone therapy (MHT) is an effective method of correcting menopausal disorders, but its use requires a comprehensive approach, including additional micronutrient support. Vitamin D plays a key role in regulating calcium-phosphorus metabolism, supporting bone health and the immune system, and may modulate the effects of estrogen. This article reviews the mechanisms of interaction between vitamin D and IHT, their impact on the health of the postmenopausal woman, and current recommendations for combined use.

In evaluating numerous population-based studies of the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in different ethnic and age groups, an association of vitamin D deficiency with duration of postmenopause and age has been found. The “gold standard” treatment for menopausal disorders is undoubtedly menopausal hormone therapy (MHT) in its various forms.

 In this article given about the outline of the primary drugs and home cures for hepatobiliary system disorders given in this article. An overview of the primary drugs and home cures for hepatobiliary system pathology. It displays the indications for the use of the primary classes of hepatoprotectors as well as their categorization by mechanisms of action. A wide range of plant hepatoprotective compounds given particular consideration, with their mechanisms of action based on their chemical makeup. According to the chemicals that make them up. Lists of dietary supplements and medicinal plants that shown in clinical and experimental research to have choleric, hepatoprotective effects and experiments.

Ventricular preexcitation syndrome (PVS) of the heart means that part or all of the ventricular myocardium is activated by atrial (sinusoidal) impulses conducted along the accessory pathway (APP) before the impulses reach the ventricles through the normal conduction system of the heart.

Manifestations of PIH are rare - from 0.15 to 3.1% of the general population, including 9% of the total number of children with cardiac arrhythmias. The manifestation of this pathology is more common in childhood than in adults. This disease manifests itself in different forms - from constant clinical and electrophysiological manifestations in the manifest form to the absence of any subjective and objective symptoms in the latent form.

The clinical significance of PIH is determined by the fact that almost 80.0% of patients sooner or later develop attacks of tachyarrhythmias as paroxysmal (i.e., they transform into atrial and ventricular fibrillation, which poses a threat to the patient’s life.

    This is why early diagnosis and monitoring of these patients is important. Today, doctors are increasingly paying attention to the genetic aspects of various cardiovascular diseases, including PVC syndrome, which is successfully used in predicting and diagnosing latent forms of the disease. The article presents the general clinical characteristics of sick children with premature excitation of the ventricles.

This article is dedicated to studying the role of psychosomatics in the development of uterine fibroids. Uterine fibroids are a common tumor among women of reproductive age, and in their development, not only hormonal and genetic factors but also psychological factors play a crucial role. Stress, childhood trauma, constant emotional pressure, and negative mental states disrupt the hormonal balance of the body and can create a favorable environment for the formation and growth of fibroids. This article analyzes the psychosomatic aspects of uterine fibroids, the main psychological factors affecting the development of the disease, and ways to overcome them. The research results indicate that a comprehensive treatment approach—an integration of traditional medicine and psychotherapy methods—may be effective in preventing the development of fibroids and easing the progression of the disease.

Whole world problem COVID 19 disease everyone to worry put This disease is coming. mainly chronic disease there is people to worry is putting, especially hypertension with sick patients.

Pathomorphological changes in the ear, nose, and throat (ENT) organs are essential in understanding various diseases affecting these structures. These changes can provide insights into the underlying pathology, the disease progression, and the potential for treatment. The pathomorphological alterations in the ENT organs, including the ear, nasal cavity, and throat, are often characterized by inflammation, neoplastic transformations, or degenerative processes. This article explores the types of pathomorphological changes in these organs, their clinical significance, and the implications for diagnosis and treatment strategies.

Uterine malformations are structural abnormalities of the uterus that occur during fetal development.

The concept of "Interdisciplinary Pedagogy: Integrated Teaching Anatomy with Diverse Disciplines" emphasizes the importance of integrating anatomy, traditionally studied in fields like medicine and biology, with a variety of other disciplines. This approach fosters a deeper and more holistic understanding of anatomical concepts by bridging knowledge from areas such as art, engineering, psychology, and ethics. By incorporating diverse perspectives, students gain not only a technical understanding of human anatomy but also its relevance and application in broader societal and professional contexts. This interdisciplinary model can encourage critical thinking, collaboration across fields, and the development of well-rounded professionals who are equipped to solve complex real-world problems. It also promotes a more engaged and comprehensive learning experience by recognizing the interconnectedness of knowledge across disciplines.

Protein is an important component in the functioning of the body. But for those who have kidney disease, excessive protein intake leads to the opposite effect. Since the glomeruli of blood vessels cannot fully filter the blood, toxic substances accumulate in the body. This leads to disease of other organs. Therefore, the topic is important for research. The main goal of the work is to study the morphological changes in the structures of the tubular and vascular systems of the kidneys with protein load. Regulation of protein homeostasis is provided by structural and functional systems, and can be accompanied by proteinuria.